2015年腾讯已成立区块链团队 两年多研发成果首曝光

　　蔡弋戈认为，区块链是好技术，但它也不是万能的，不是能解决所有问题的独门武器。摄影：金羽泽

　　目前公有链技术在国内发展缓慢，未来联盟链会有更多的使用场景和商业价值。

At present, public-chain technology is developing slowly in the country, and future alliances will have more use scenes and commercial value.

　　文|《中国企业家》记者 米娜 陈贝蕾

"The Entrepreneur of China" in Manzong, journalist & nbsp; Mina Chen Bere

　　一场轰轰烈烈的“区块链运动”，如浪潮般席卷而来，裹挟着身边的每一个人。围绕着区块链的争论从去年到今年始终没有停歇，究竟区块链是如其倡导者陈伟星所言——是“人类的春天”，是“全球经济崩盘的解药”，还是如其质疑者朱啸虎所说是“区块链是伪风口，除了炒币没剩什么”。

The debate around the chain of blocks has not stopped from last year until this year, as its protagonists, Chen Wei-Sung, put it — “the spring of humanity”, “the cure for the global economic collapse” or, as its questioner, Zhu Yong-ho, “the chain is a pseudo-wind” and there is nothing left but currency.

　　3月8日下午，《中国企业家》记者在深圳的腾讯大厦办公室里独家专访了腾讯区块链业务总经理蔡弋戈。早在三年前，腾讯就已着手打造了区块链的研发团队，并在一系列行业场景中成功的使区块链技术落地生根。在采访中，蔡弋戈从理性务实的角度告诉记者，“区块链是好技术，但它也不是万能的，不是能解决所有问题的独门武器。它再好，也要搭配生态和基础设施才能发挥价值。客观点看，不要太神化它，也不要低估它的影响力，请多给点耐心。”

On the afternoon of 8 March, Chinese Entrepreneurs in Shenzhen visited Chai Zago, General Manager of the Tsing Zone Chain Operations. Three years ago, Tseng started to build a block chain research and development team in Shenzhen, and successfully brought the block chain technology to the ground in a series of industrial scenes. During the interview, Chai Tsago told journalists, from a rational and pragmatic point of view, that “the block chain is a good technology, but it is not a unique weapon that solves all problems.

　　对于风起云涌的区块链创业潮，他认为，“最简单的是你想通过区块链技术解决什么样的痛点。如果不用区块链技术也活得很好，那就不要用。不要为了区块链而区块链，也不要为了去中心化而去中心化。”

For windy block chains, he said, "The simplest thing is what kind of pain you want to solve through block chain technology. If you don't use block chain technology well, don't use it. Don't use block chains for block chains, and don't centralize them for centralization."

　　CE：腾讯的区块链团队是什么时候成立的？    

& nbsp; & nbsp;

　　蔡弋戈：2015年底成立的。我们在区块链方面是研发先行，先成立的研发团队，确认技术路线，从零开始搭建。

Chai Jingo: Created at the end of 2015. We're the first to develop the block chain. We're the first to set up a research and development team to identify technology routes and build them from scratch.

　　CE：区块链技术目前主要的技术分类和商业应用有哪些？

CE: What are the main current technical classifications and commercial applications of block chain technology?

　　蔡弋戈：区块链技术目前在全球主要有两种不同的技术路径：

Chai Jingo: There are currently two main technological pathways to block chain technology globally:

　　第一种是公有链，去中心化，To C的应用居多，如比特币、以太坊都是基于这种技术路径开发的。

The first is the public chain, decentralized, where applications such as Bitcoin and Etheria are developed on the basis of this technological path.

　　第二种是联盟链，主要是机构之间的合作，机构跟机构之间的节点参与记帐，普通用户不参与记账，开发的应用也主要是To B的，也可以再进一步B to C。腾讯现在用区块链技术开发的应用场景，已经落地了的商业项目如微黄金、供应链金融、电子存证、公益寻人等，都是用的联盟链技术。现在大部分的金融机构，如银行所开发的区块链应用项目大多都是基于联盟链技术开发的，我们觉得未来联盟链会有更多的使用场景。

The second is the alliance chain, mainly inter-institutional cooperation, institutional and inter-institutional nodes involved in bookkeeping, general users are not involved in bookkeeping, and the applications developed are mainly ToB, or can be further B to C. The scenario that is now being developed with block-chain technology, and the commercial projects that are already on the ground, such as micro-gold, supply chain finance, electronic record-keeping, and public-interest searchers, are all union-chain technologies. Most of the current financial institutions, such as banks, are now developing block-chain applications based on alliance-chain technology, and we feel that there will be more use of the chain in the future.

　　由于公有链是去中心化的，一般要通过挖矿的方式来解决算力问题，但没有经济刺激谁来给你贡献算力，因此一般都以发币的方式给予提供算力者以经济刺激和奖励，但中国的数字货币须由央行发行，且数字货币容易引发炒作和泡沫，所以公有链技术在国内发展得比较慢。

Since the public chain is decentralized, and the question of numeracy is generally addressed by mining, but there is no economic incentive who will contribute to numeracy, it is generally used to provide economic incentives and incentives to those who provide numeracy, but Chinese digital currency is issued by the central bank and digital currency is prone to production and bubbles, so public chain technology is developing slowly in the country.

　　CE：在海外，区块链这两项技术的应用发展的如何？

CE: How has the application of these two technologies developed overseas?

　　蔡弋戈：目前在国内，公链上的应用较少，但海外还是有很多公司在公有链上做不同的尝试。如telegram电报，也是一个聊天软件，想搭建基于公有链的底层设施的构架TON，让别人在上面做去中心化的应用。

Chai Jingo: At present, the public chain is less applied in the country, but there are many companies abroad that try different kinds of things in the public chain. For example, Telegram is also a chat software that seeks to build a structure based on the bottom of the public chain, Ton, that allows others to use it for centralization.

　　在联盟链方面，IBM 做了一个联盟链开源项目。IBM也是不断推这个技术的开源、社区和搭建。国内一些区块链公司将IBM的开源代码拿过来改一改，调优一下，就做成了自己的应用。

In the alliance chain, IBM makes an open-source project. IBM is also an open source, a community and a build-up of this technology. Some of the country's block chain companies take the IBM open-source code and adapt it to their own applications.

　　在海外，两条线都有自己不同的产品，有不同层级的公司，做底层基础设施的、做应用层的、做跨链做性能的，还有垂直于某一个领域，比如区块链结合AI、区块链结合存储等等。

Overseas, both lines have their own different products, companies at different levels, bottom infrastructure, application layers, cross-chain performance, and vertically in a certain field, such as block chains for AI, block chains for storage, etc.

　　CE：联盟链是什么？联盟链是如何实现机构之间的去中心化的？

CE: What is the chain of alliances? How is the chain of alliances decentralised between institutions?

　　蔡弋戈：联盟链是商业机构之间的合作，是多中心的。 

Chai Jingo: The Alliance is a partnership between business agencies and is multi-centric.

　　从数据角度理解，联盟链是各机构之间都有的数据，他们的数据需要通过共识达到一致。比如供应链金融里有多个决策方，核心企业、银行、保险公司、腾讯还有合作伙伴等，每一个参与方都有一个节点去参与共识的记帐。

From a data point of view, the alliance is a data chain that is shared across agencies, and their data need to be consistent through consensus. For example, there are multiple decision-makers in supply chain finance, core firms, banks, insurance companies, tethers, and partners, and each participant has a node to participate in the consensus bookkeeping.

　　业务数据记在自己的节点上，多个节点之间的数据共识由多方构成，不由哪一方说了算，这样就可以做到防篡改、可追溯。这些特性能提升机构之间合作的信任，降低信任成本，增加效率，可以撬动多方合作。

Business data are recorded on their own nodes, and the consensus of data between multiple nodes is multi-faceted, and it is not controlled by one party, so that it can be tampered with and retraceable. These characteristics enhance trust in inter-agency cooperation, reduce trust costs, increase efficiency, and trigger multi-party cooperation.

　　联盟链里，参与方都是比较可靠的机构，所以本身参与的节点可信度就要比普通比特币任何一个节点要高很多。比特币使用工作量证明算法，而联盟链的共识算法不同，一般都高效得多，像比特币计算一秒达7笔，我们现在做的共识算法，每秒可以达到两万五千笔。 

The participants in the union chain are more reliable institutions, so the nodes of their own participation are much more credible than any of the normal bitcoin nodes. Bitcoin uses workload proof algorithms, while the coalition chain has different consensus algorithms, which are generally much more efficient, like Bitcoin, which calculates seven times a second, and we now do consensus algorithms, which can reach 25,000 times a second.

　　联盟链主要是To B，C端用户不参与记帐，只是作为某一个应用的用户而已。普通用户在产品层面对区块链技术的感知会偏弱一点。

Soyuz is primarily a ToB, and C-end users are not involved in bookkeeping, but simply as users of an application.

　　微黄金是腾讯在做区块链项目时实验的第一个内部落地的商业场景。银行、腾讯等多机构参与到微黄金产品中来，用多个节点共同参与记帐。这其中，由腾讯来提供联盟链的底层技术支持，保障底层的性能、安全性、可靠性、便捷性。其它参与的机构主要考虑怎么利用区块链的特性做应用创新，做好业务逻辑就可以了。

Micro-gold is the first internal tribal business scene to be experimented with in block-chain projects. Multi-agency involvement in micro-golden products, such as banking, tether, etc., involves multiple nodes in bookkeeping. In this case, it provides bottom-level technical support in the chain of alliances, safeguarding performance, safety, reliability, and ease.

　　在以前，用原来的传统方式，机构之间的业务是要做中心化的清结算的，要对帐，这是需要耗时间的。但用区块链技术来记帐就自动完成了清结算，事后不需要做清结算动作。多方参与的业务，参与时需要有信任，联盟链就把这个痛点解决了，让信任成本降低，运作更透明，效率更高。

In the old tradition, inter-agency operations had to be settled centrally, which took time to reconcile. But accounting with block-chain technology automatically completed the settlement without having to do the clearing exercise afterwards. Multi-participating operations require trust, and the chain of association addresses this painful point, reducing the cost of trust, making it more transparent and efficient.

　　但联盟链也会面临一些困难。现在不少公司做联盟链进程较慢，一是技术问题，另一个是大家对这个技术本身的认知问题，很多机构、行业对区块链这个事情的认知不是特别够，所以还在各方面的早期，技术需要提升，概念需要普及，认知要能够一致才行，多方面因素导致联盟链技术在推行过程中还需要时间。公有链因为TO C，且有经济刺激，再加上炒币，导致更快的吸引眼球，从而引起更多人关注。

There are now a number of companies that are slow in making the chain of alliances, one that is technical, the other that are aware of the technology itself. Many institutions and industries are not particularly aware of the block chain, so technology needs to be upgraded at an early stage, concepts need to be universalized, understanding needs to be consistent, and multiple factors cause the chain of alliances to take time in its implementation. Public chains require more attention because of the TOC and the economic incentives, coupled with currency booms, that lead to faster attention.

　　CE：联盟链现在最大的问题是哪个？

CE: Which is the biggest problem in the chain now?

　　蔡弋戈：场景突破。有场景需求才能推动技术升级。

Chai Jingo: The scene breaks out. There's a need for the scene to drive the technology upscaling.

　　CE：腾讯在区块链方面的布局还有哪些？

CE: What else is the layout of the tether in relation to the block chain?

　　蔡弋戈：我们已经搭建了一个区块链的基础架构平台，叫区块链即服务（BAAS平台），目前有很多注册用户在做测试和应用开发。

Chai Jingo: We have set up a platform for building the infrastructure of the block chain, known as the block chain or service (BAAS platform), and there are many registered users currently in the process of testing and application development.

　　云里面有三层，云的架构IAAS、PAAS、SAAS，这个平台就处于中间层，叠加了区块链的服务层。这一层会提供给开发者基础的区块链接入内容，并且会把一些配套能力植入进来。比如身份验证、大数据等能力，都会整合进来。可以让开发者除了用区块链技术还能用到其他的一些能力，可以更高效的搭建他的应用，这样对他也是有好处的。再往上走就是基于区块链的SAAS服务，比如供应链金融开放平台，可以让银行、核心企业、供应商、保理这样一些角色参与进来做它的业务。

There are three layers of clouds in which the cloud's architecture, IAAS, PAAS, SAAS, is in the middle, and the platform is superimposed on the service layers of the block chain. This layer will provide the developers with access to the building blocks, and some of the supporting capabilities will be embedded. Capacity such as identification, big data, etc. will be integrated. Some of the capabilities that developers can use to build their applications more efficiently, in addition to block chain technology.

　　平台上商业应用的数据，我们不持有，也没有权限看。链上需要有多少节点是由应用开发者自己决定，节点的拥有权也是应用者的，腾讯只是平台服务机构，这些数据也不属于我们。

We don't have, and we don't have access to, data for commercial applications on the platform. The number of nodes on the chain is determined by the app developers themselves, the ownership of the node is also the user, the node is just the platform service, and the data are not ours.

　　CE：腾讯是国内第一家做区块链基础应用平台的吗？

CE: Is tweaking the country's first infrastructure application platform for block chains?

　　蔡弋戈：BAAS平台是2017年11月份上线的，现在已经开放了，节点购买也已经逐步完善了。

Chai Jingo: The BAAS platform, which was launched in November 2017, is now open and node purchases have been gradually refined.

　　腾讯是从一开始就坚持从基础平台开始研发和运营的。目前平台是免费的，暂时还没有明确的收费计划。

It has been developed and operated from the start. The platform is now free of charge and there are no clear fee plans.

　　早期我们和使用平台的企业沟通蛮多，我们也希望他们能反过来推动我们平台的完善。完善都是逐步的，不可能一蹴而就。我们搭建的是一个自助、半自助的平台，通过指引和手册就能搭建应用，而不需要太多研发团队的介入、辅助。尽量减少人工参与的需要。

Early on, we had a lot of communication with the companies that used the platform, and we hope that they will, in turn, contribute to the development of our platform. Improvements are gradual, and cannot take place overnight. We are building a self-help, semi-self-help platform that can be applied through guidelines and manuals, without the involvement of too many research and development teams.

　　我们也希望能形成一个生态，有很多伙伴基于腾讯区块链搭建垂直行业应用，最终形成一个多点开花的局面，共同打造一个基于区块链应用的生态平台。

We also hope to form an ecology, with many partners building vertical industrial applications based on the tether block chain, which will eventually lead to a multi-point flowering situation that will jointly create an ecological platform based on block chain applications.

　　CE：国内区块链技术目前处于一个怎样的水平？基于区块链技术的配套发展的怎样？

CE: What is the current level of block chain technology in the country? How is the accompanying development based on block chain technology?

　　蔡弋戈： 整个区块链的技术和场景在快速演进的过程中，还没有达到所谓的成熟，一切才刚刚开始。

The technology and scenery of the entire block chain have not yet matured to the point where it has just begun.

　　今天的区块链这么火，但真正有影响力的产品还是比特币、以太坊，主要因为是To C的，且带有投机属性。但如果一门技术只能用在投机上，这个技术就称不上颠覆。

Today’s block chain is so hot, but the real influential product is Bitcoin, Ether, mainly because it is ToC, and it has speculative properties. If a technology can only be used for speculation, it will not be subversive.

　　现在我也在留意区块链一些新的项目，但发现区块链的很多基础设施配套还在建设中。区块链技术才刚刚开始，大家在谈区块链的时候，不应该单纯地把它理解为就是一项单一技术，它需要一系列的配套，有一系列配套最终才能改变一些东西。

Now I'm also looking at new projects in the block chain, but I find that many of the infrastructure packages in the block chain are still being built. The block chain technology is just beginning, and it should not simply be understood as a single technology when you talk about the block chain, which requires a series of packages that eventually change something.

　　比如存储，区块链项目要配套存储，这方面的提升也是很有价值的。再比如支付，交易安全性，币交所就出了很多次问题。包括隐私性的保护。区块链底层的隐私性保护，比如零知识证明等等。这类技术的应用也没有到很成熟的阶段，都是要解决的。包括比特币的网络共识能力低下，能应用的范围很小，但它的很多应用场景是需要高效做交易的。如果因为绝对安全就放弃了速度，产品就会有局限。区块链从技术流派、技术路线迭代以及基础设施的搭建，都有很多工作要做，最终是一整套发展到一个成熟阶段之后，才能影响更多东西。

For example, storage, coupled with block chain projects, would also be valuable for upgrading. And, for example, payment, security of transactions, there would be many problems with currency transfers. These include privacy protection. Privacy protection at the bottom of the block chain, such as proof of zero knowledge.

　　CE：做联盟链不仅需要大量投入还需要应用场景，那么区块链的创业公司该如何突破呢？

CE: How do business start-ups break through chains that require not only a lot of input but also application of scenes?

　　蔡弋戈：做联盟链需要很大的成本投入，技术积累需要投入，场景寻找需要投入，这也是为什么国内真正做得好的联盟链都是大公司。大公司有场景，能够长期规划这个事，而不需要短期一定有回报。

Chai Jingo: It takes a lot of cost to make a chain of alliances, technology to accumulate, and scenes to look for inputs, and that is why the country’s truly good chain of alliances is a big company. Large companies have a scene where they can plan for this in the long run without having to pay off in the short term.

　　创业公司更好的选择应该是结合场景，比如说，跟腾讯合作，腾讯来做底层技术和应用，你做场景的解决方案，这样对创业公司来讲会更实际。

The better option for start-up companies is to combine the scenes, for example, to work with the troupe, to make the bottom technologies and applications, and to make the solution to the scene, which would be more practical for start-up companies.

　　CE：有观点认为，出现用户数量巨大的应用才是区块链行业真正发展的标志，您怎么看待这种观点？

CE: What do you think of the idea that the emergence of a large number of user applications is a sign of the real development of the block chain industry?

　　蔡弋戈：这个见仁见智。区块链有To C的需求，也有To B的需求。就像联盟链不一定需要很多普通用户来用，更多是解决行业和公司的痛点，比如供应链金融等场景。To C的场景还有待各界的共同探索。

Chai Jingo: This is an insight. There is a need for ToC in the block chain, and there is a need for ToB. Just as the alliance chain does not necessarily require a lot of ordinary users, it is more to address the pains of industry and companies, such as supply chain finance. The scene of ToC is yet to be explored.

　　关键还是要看区块链技术在To C领域，是否真正解决了原本的一些痛点、问题，提供了新的价值，这才是最重要的，如果只是新瓶装旧酒，套这个概念，那就没什么价值。

It also depends on whether block chain technology, in the field of ToC, really solves some of the original pains, problems and offers new values, which is all the more important, and if it is just a new bottle of old wine, the concept is of little value.

　　CE：我们所看到的区块链应用场景大部分在金融领域，是不是因为信用问题的解决，使区块链在金融领域的应用前景更为广阔？

CE: Are the blocks chain applications that we have seen mostly in the financial sphere, and are they more promising in the financial sphere because of credit problems?

　　蔡弋戈：区块链解决的是信任问题，而金融最大的成本就是信任，所以区块链和金融的结合是最天然的，但不代表它在其他领域就没有发挥空间。

Chai Jingo: The chain of blocks solves the problem of trust, and the greatest financial cost is trust, so the chain of blocks and the combination of finance are the most natural, but it does not mean that it has no room in other areas.

　　比如医疗，电子病历可以应用区块链技术，实现在保护隐私的同时允许用户做授权。

For example, in the case of medical treatment, electronic medical records can apply block chain technology that allows users to authorize their privacy while allowing them to do so.

　　目前普遍的情况是，很多的个人数据都存储在中心化的平台中，没有任何隐私保护，平台想用你的数据就用，个人对数据的所有权体现的很弱。而利用区块链技术，就可以做成一个个人档案，有哪些平台要用你的数据，你就可以授权，可能还会给你带来一些经济收益。比如AI要学习你的数据，是不是你就可以获得一定的收益，这都是有可能的。

The prevailing situation is that a lot of personal data is stored in a centralized platform, without any privacy protection, and the platform uses your data, and the individual’s ownership of the data is weak. Using block chain technology, you can make a personal file, and you can authorize, and possibly bring, some economic gain. For example, it is possible for an AI to learn from your data.

　　CE：腾讯是第一批通过可信区块链评测的企业，这个可信区块链评测的标准是什么？

CE: What are the criteria for a credible chain of blocks assessment?

　　蔡弋戈：这是中国信通院推出的中国的第一个区块链技术标准，这个标准更具有实践性。

Chei Jingo: This is China's first block chain technical standard, introduced by the China Institute of Information and Communications Technology, which is more practical.

　　通过可信区块链评测，可以评估你是否真的用了区块链技术，是否真的具有不可篡改等基本区块链特性。这里面会提出一系列的技术检测标准，看你有没有达到，腾讯也是标准的参与方。

With a credible block chain assessment, it is possible to assess whether you actually use block chain technology and whether you really have such basic block chain properties that cannot be tampered with.

　　我们认为这个行业需要标准，不然大家谈区块链谈半天，聊的概念都不一样，甚至有些企业号称自己做区块链，就只是拿着数据库改。有了可信区块链这个权威标准以后，就可以把明显挂羊头卖狗肉的企业筛掉，让真正做区块链技术的企业获得背书。

We think the industry needs standards; otherwise you talk about block chains for half a day, talking about concepts that are different, even when some companies call themselves block chains and change their databases. With a credible block chain as an authoritative standard, businesses that sell dog meat with apparent goat heads can be sifted out, and companies that actually do block chain technology can get endorsement.

　　CE：面对区块链领域人才稀缺的问题，腾讯是怎么解决的？

CE: How do we deal with the scarcity of human resources in the area of block chains?

　　蔡弋戈：我们的技术人才基本都是腾讯内部转化过来的，区块链这个行业本来就很新，没有几个人做过区块链。就像当年移动网络的到来一样，你要招做安卓、IOS开发的很难，我们都是自己培养。

Chai Jingo: Our skills are largely internalized, the sector is new, and few have done it. As with the arrival of mobile networks, it is difficult for you to recruit Andre and IOS, and we're all trained ourselves.

责任编辑：李兀 SF053