一个比特币目前市价3万余美元，投资1000万一年就能挖到近300个……因巨大的利益诱惑，网络虚拟货币比特币吸引了不少逐利者蜂拥而上，开启了通过专用“矿机”计算生产虚拟货币的“挖矿”活动。然而，承诺无法兑现，迟迟见不到收益让投资者慌了神，寄希望于起诉要回数千万损失。12月15日，北京朝阳法院公开开庭审理并当庭宣判了北京首例认定比特币挖矿案，同时法院还向矿机所在地的四川发展和改革委员会发送了司法建议，反馈线索，建议对挖矿行为进行清理整治。
A bitcoin is currently marketed at more than $30,000, and an investment of 10 million can reach nearly 300 in one year... The Internet virtual currency Bitcoin attracts a large crowd of profit-seekers, and the “mining” of the production of virtual money has been initiated through a dedicated “mine machine.” However, promises are not honoured, and the lack of returns has led investors to panic and hope to sue back tens of millions of damages. On 15 December, the Beijing court opened a public hearing and sentenced the first case in Beijing in which Bitcoin was found, while the court also sent a judicial recommendation to the Sichuan Development and Reform Commission at the site of the miner, providing feedback clues and recommending clean-up of the mining operations.
事件
投资1000万挖矿 说好的296个比特币只兑现18个
"Strong" invests 10 million in mining, and the agreed 296 bitcoins cash only 18."
北京一营销科技公司（简称“营销公司”）诉称，2019年，某区块链技术公司（简称“区块链公司”）向其兜售比特币挖矿项目，表示有能力运营挖矿机。营销公司作为甲方（买方）于2019年5月6日，与该区块链公司签订《计算机设备采购合同》，约定：货物名称为计算机设备，型号规格及数量为T2T-30T规格型号的微型存储空间服务器（以下简称“矿机”）1542台，单价5040/台；合同金额为7771680元。后双方还签署了《服务合同书》《云数据服务器托管及数据增值服务协议》(以下简称《增值服务协议》)等进一步明确双方权利义务。包括质保、维修、服务器设备代为运行管理、代为缴纳服务器相关用度花费如电费等服务费总金额为2228320元。
A marketing company in Beijing (the “marketing company”) claims that in 2019, a block chain technology company (the “block chain company”) sold a Bitcoin mining project to it, stating that it had the capacity to operate a miner. On 6 May 2019, the marketing company, acting as the first party (buyer), entered into a contract with the sector chain company for the purchase of computer equipment, under which it agreed that the goods were described as computer equipment, with 1542 mini-storage space servers of T2T-30T specifications (hereinafter referred to as the “miner”), with a single price of 5040 units; the contract was $777,1680. The parties also signed a service contract, the Cloud Data Server Hosting and Data Value Added Services Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the Value Added Service Agreement), which further clarifies their rights and obligations.
上述合同签订后，区块链公司购买并委托第三方矿场实际运营“矿机”。
Following the conclusion of the above-mentioned contract, block chain companies purchased and commissioned the physical operation of the “mine machines” at third-party mines.
营销公司按照合同支付了1000万元人民币。根据双方签订的《增值服务协议》约定，数据增值服务产生的收益于当天进行结算，其中7%分配给区块链公司，作为其受托管理和运营云数据服务器的收益，其余转入营销公司提供的接收地址，合同期限为2019年6月30日至2020年6月30日。在《增值服务协议》履行过程中，区块链公司并未向营销公司提供服务期间内比特币矿机收益的原始记录，仅支付了18.3463个比特币。
The marketing company paid RMB 10 million under the contract. Under the terms of the Value Added Service Agreement between the parties, the revenue from the value-added data service was settled on the same day, 7 per cent of which was allocated to the block chain company as the proceeds of its entrusted management and operation of the cloud data server, while the remainder was transferred to the receiving address provided by the marketing company for the period from 30 June 2019 to 30 June 2020. In the course of the implementation of the Value Added Service Agreement, the block chain company did not provide the marketing company with the original record of the profits from the Bitcoin mine during the period of service, and paid only 18.3463bits.
营销公司多次催要未果，故参考业界著名比特币数据网站（bitinfocharts）显示的比特币价格测算，在服务期限内，营销公司按照《增值服务协议》约定可获得296.5117976个比特币，除去已经收取的，区块链公司仍应向其支付比特币278.1654976个。同时，区块链公司在《增值服务协议》服务期限届满后，并未向营销公司交还比特币矿机。
After several reminders by marketing companies, the price of bitcoin, as shown by the well-known Bitinfocharts, was calculated by reference industry, and the company was able to obtain 296,51,177,976 bitcoins during the period of service as agreed under the Value Added Service Agreement (VSA). The block chain company was still to pay 278,165,4976 bitcoins, other than those already collected. At the same time, the block chain company did not return bitcoins to the marketing company after the expiration of the value added service agreement (VSA) service period.
为此，营销公司诉至法院，请求法院判令区块链公司交付278.1654976个比特币，或者按照2021年1月25日每个比特币34335美元的价格交付9550812.36美元，同时，赔偿服务期到期后占用矿机的损失。矿机返还问题，将另行主张。
For this reason, the marketing company sued the court for a court order to deliver 278,165,497 bitcoins or $9550,812.36 at a price of $34,335 per bitcoin on 25 January 2021, and for damages for the loss of the miner that was occupied after the end of the service period.
区块链公司辩称，已按照双方合同约定履行相应义务，但营销公司没有及时缴纳电费，导致服务器无法运行，过错不在区块链公司，因此不应承担责任。
Block Chain argued that the corresponding obligations had been performed in accordance with the contract between the parties, but that the marketing company was not liable for its failure to pay the electricity bill in a timely manner, which resulted in the server being rendered unwieldy and that the fault was not with the block chain.
庭审
称每个币价值34335美元 讨要955万美元收益却被驳回
"strong" says it's $34335 a currency for $9.55 million, but it's rejected.
法院经审理认为：该案事实发生于《民法典》实施前，根据规定，民法典施行前的法律事实引起的民事纠纷案件，适用当时的法律、司法解释的规定，因此应适用《中华人民共和国合同法》的相关规定。
The Court considered that the facts of the case had occurred prior to the application of the Civil Code and that the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China were therefore applicable in cases of civil disputes arising out of legal facts prior to the application of the Civil Code, in accordance with the provisions of the law of that time and the provisions of judicial interpretation.
根据2021年9月3日国家发展改革委等部门《关于整治虚拟货币“挖矿”活动的通知》，虚拟货币“挖矿”活动指通过专用“矿机”计算生产虚拟货币的过程，能源消耗和碳排放量大，对国民经济贡献度低，对产业发展、科技进步等带动作用有限，加之虚拟货币生产、交易环节衍生的风险越发突出，其盲目无序发展对推动经济社会高质量发展和节能减排带来不利影响。整治虚拟货币‘挖矿’活动对促进我国产业结构优化、推动节能减排、如期实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。”“严禁投资建设增量项目，禁止以任何名义发展虚拟货币‘挖矿’项目；加快有序退出存量项目。”“严格执行有关法律法规和规章制度，严肃查处整治各地违规虚拟货币‘挖矿’活动”。
According to the circular of the National Development Reform Commission of 3 September 2021 on the management of virtual currency “mining” activities, the virtual currency “mining” activities refer to the process of producing virtual money through dedicated “mine machines”, the high level of energy consumption and carbon emissions, their low contribution to the national economy, their limited contribution to industrial development, scientific and technological progress, and the increased risks associated with virtual money production and trading links, which have a negative impact on the promotion of high-quality economic and social development and the reduction of energy savings.
而根据涉案双方履约过程及三份合同约定的主要内容，交易模式实际上为营销公司委托区块链公司购买并管理专用“矿机”计算生产比特币的“挖矿”行为。三份合同系有机整体，合同目的均系双方为了最终进行“挖矿”活动而签订，双方成立合同关系。该比特币“挖矿”的交易模式，属于国家相关行政机关管控范围，需要严格遵守相关法律法规和规章制度。
According to the performance process of the parties involved and the main elements of the three contract agreements, the transaction model actually allows the marketing company to purchase and manage a dedicated “mine machine” to calculate the “mining” of Bitcoin.
该案中，俩公司在明知“挖矿”及比特币交易存在风险，且相关部门明确禁止比特币相关交易的情况下，仍然签订协议形成委托“挖矿”关系。“挖矿”活动及虚拟货币的相关交易行为存在上文论述的诸多风险和危害，干扰了正常的金融秩序、经济发展秩序，故该“挖矿”合同损害社会公共利益，应属无效。
In this case, the two companies entered into an agreement for the commissioning of a “mining” relationship, knowing that there was a risk of “mining” and bitcoin transactions, and that the relevant authorities expressly prohibited Bitcoin-related transactions. The “mining” activity and transactions related to virtual currency were subject to many of the risks and hazards discussed above and interfered with the normal financial and economic development order, so that the “mining” contract was null and void for the public interest.
因“挖矿”合同自始无效，营销公司通过履行无效合同主张获得的利益不应受到法律保护，对其相应诉讼请求，法院不予支持。其请求主张占用“矿机”设备期间的比特币损失，该损失系其基于持续利用“矿机”从事“挖矿”活动产生比特币的损失，不应受到法律保护，对其相应诉讼请求，法院亦不予支持。
Since the “mining” contract was not valid from the outset, the marketing company’s claim for benefits from the performance of the avoided contract should not be protected by law and the court did not support the claim.
法院一审驳回营销公司的全部诉讼请求，案件受理费450 892.68元，由营销公司负担，目前已交纳。对于此判决，营销公司当庭表示上诉。
The court dismissed all the claims of the marketing company in the first instance, with a fee of $450,892.68 for the processing of the case, which is now paid by the marketing company.
追访
一个矿场藏有上万台矿机 法院发清理整顿司法建议
北京朝阳法院民二庭庭长李增辉介绍，在全国范围内，关于比特币下游的交易类判例是比较常见的，比如借贷、买卖、委托理财等。“这次案件是上游挖矿案件，这也是北京市的首例。”他解释，该案是按照违反社会公共利益的原则认定的合同无效，从目前的部门法律和行政法规来讲，调整比特币及挖矿的相关政策文件的层级效力比较低，没有明确的部门法律规定。然而这些政策文件的发布单位层级比较高，是中国人民银行联合至少五部委甚至十部委发布的。
Mr. Li Jinhui, President of the Min II Division of the Beijing Yang Court, explained that, throughout the country, jurisprudence on transactions such as lending, buying and selling bitcoin and commissioning money are more common. “This case is a case of upstream mining, and this is the first case in Beijing.” He explained that the case was considered null and void under a contract that violated the principles of the public interest. In terms of current sectoral laws and administrative regulations, it is less effective to adjust the relevant policy documents on bitcoin and mining, and there is no clear sectoral legal provision. However, these policy documents were issued at a higher level, issued by the People's Bank of China in conjunction with at least five or ten ministries.
能源安全、金融安全、经济安全等都是国家安全的重要组成部分，防范化解相关风险、深化整治相关市场乱象，均关系到我国的产业结构优化、金融秩序稳定、社会经济平稳运行和高质量发展，故社会经济秩序、金融秩序等均涉及社会公共利益。
Energy security, financial security and economic security are all important components of national security. The prevention of risks and the deepening of market disruptions are related to the country's industrial structure, the stability of the financial order, the smooth socio-economic functioning and the quality of its development, so that the socio-economic order, the financial order and so forth are of public interest.
关于比特币等虚拟货币及“挖矿”活动的风险防范、整治，从2013年开始，国家相关部门曾多次发布《通知》《公告》《风险提示》等政策文件。根据这些文件，该案涉及的比特币为网络虚拟货币，并非国家有权机关发行的法定货币，不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位，不具有法偿性，不应且不能作为货币在市场上流通使用，作为消费者应提高风险防范意识，投资交易虚拟货币造成的后果和引发的损失由相关方自行承担。
With regard to risk prevention and management of virtual currency, such as Bitcoin, and “mining” activities, since 2013 the relevant state departments have issued various policy documents, such as the Notices of Risk Notices. According to these documents, the case involved a virtual currency on the Internet, which is not a legal currency issued by a state authority, has no legal status equivalent to that of a legal currency, has no payback, should not and cannot be used as a currency on the market, should raise awareness of risk prevention as a consumer, and the consequences and losses associated with a virtual currency for investment transactions are borne by the parties themselves.
此案的交易模式系“挖矿”活动，随着虚拟货币交易的发展，“挖矿”行为的危害日渐凸显。“挖矿”活动能源消耗和碳排放量大，不利于我国产业结构优化、节能减排，不利于我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标。加之虚拟货币相关交易活动无真实价值支撑，价格极易被操纵，“挖矿”行为也进一步衍生虚假资产风险、经营失败风险、投资炒作风险等相关金融风险，危害外汇管理秩序、金融秩序，甚至容易引发违法犯罪活动、影响社会稳定。正因“挖矿”行为危害大、风险高，其盲目无序发展对推动经济社会高质量发展和节能减排带来不利影响，相关政策明确拟将虚拟货币“挖矿”活动增补列入《产业结构调整指导目录（2019年本）》“淘汰类”目录，要求采取有效措施，全面整治虚拟货币“挖矿”活动。
The business model in this case is “mining” and, as virtual currency transactions develop, the dangers of “mining” are becoming more acute. The “mining” activity has a high level of energy consumption and carbon emissions, which is detrimental to the country’s industrial structure, energy conservation and reduction of carbon emissions, and the country’s achievement of carbon peaks, carbon neutrality and targets. Together with the fact that virtual currency-related transactions have no real value support, prices are highly susceptible to manipulation, and the “mining” act further generates financial risks such as false asset risks, risks of business failure, risks of investing in investment, and endangers the foreign exchange management order, financial order, and even vulnerability to illegal criminal activity and social stability.
李增辉表示，此案的裁判结论的慎重做出还基于法院对近些年中东部地区部分法院围绕比特币交易所做裁判进行的调研梳理。“据了解，矿机主要集中在云南、贵州、四川、新疆、内蒙古等风电、水电、煤电比较便宜的地区，而一个矿场的矿机并不止1000多台，因为有非常多的第三方会将设备藏在一起统一运行，数量能达到一两万台。”
Li Jinhui stated that the careful conclusion of the case was also based on the Court’s study of the Bitcoin Exchange decisions in some of the Eastern regions of recent years. “It is understood that mining machines are concentrated in areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia, where wind, electricity, water and coal are cheaper, while there are more than 1,000 mine machines in a mine, since there are a very large number of third parties that will keep the equipment together and operate in a unified manner, amounting to 120,000.”
他介绍，此案件中千余台“矿机”的处理，因现相关计算机设备仍由区块链公司保管，但诉讼中，营销公司明确表示其将另行主张，故法院在该案中不再予以处理。但在民事判决书中明确涉案公司不得继续从事“挖矿”活动，遵守国家相关法律规定和产业政策。
He described the handling of more than a thousand “mine machines” in this case, since the computer equipment in question was still in the custody of the block chain company, but in the proceedings the marketing company expressly stated that it would make a separate claim, so that the court would not proceed with the case; however, it was stated in the civil judgement that the company in question could not continue to engage in “mining” activities, in compliance with the relevant national legal provisions and industrial policy.
2021年11月10日，国家发改委再次组织召开虚拟货币“挖矿”治理专题视频会议，明确要求各省区市按照属地原则对本地区虚拟货币“挖矿”活动进行清理整治。
On 10 November 2021, the National Development Commission again organized a videoconference on the theme of the governance of the virtual currency “mining”, which explicitly requested the provinces and municipalities to clean up and rehabilitate the region's virtual currency “mining” activities in accordance with the principle of territoriality.
根据案件审理中当事人所述，运营涉案“矿场”的第三方地址位于四川省凉山州木里县水洛乡、沙湾乡。
According to the parties at the trial, the third-party address for the operation of the mine in question is located in Muri Township, Muri County, Shanshan State, Sichuan Province, and in Sand Bay Township.
按照上述文件载明的属地原则，为防止案中所涉“矿机”继续用于“挖矿”，北京朝阳法院向四川省发展和改革委员会发出司法建议：一是排查本案所涉比特币“挖矿”项目，禁止涉案公司继续从事“挖矿”活动。二是排查涉案“矿场”及当地其他虚拟货币“挖矿”项目并进行清理整治。
In keeping with the principle of territoriality set out in the above-mentioned documents, and in order to prevent the “mine machines” involved in the case from continuing to be used for “mining”, the Beijing Dynasty Court issued a judicial recommendation to the Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission, namely, to examine the Bitcoin “mining” project in the case and to prohibit the companies involved from continuing their “mining” activities.
李增辉还提醒，比特币交易有风险，而且不受国家法律保护，最高人民法院已经明确表态，相关交易行为应属无效，损失要自行承担。建议已经进入交易市场的投资者及时退出清盘。
Li also warned that the Bitcoin transaction is risky and not protected by state law, and that the Supreme People’s Court has made it clear that the transaction is null and void and that the damage is self-inflicted.
实习生 刘静怡
Intern, Jing Yi Liu.
文/北青-北京头条记者 宋霞
Qing-Beijing headline journalist Song Xia
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