(1)、虚拟货币的概念是非正式法币，主要限于特定的虚拟环境里流通。虚拟货币可以分为三类：游戏币，在游戏中积累，用于购买装备或玩家之间进行交易;门户网站或即时通信工具服务商发行的专用货币，用于购买本站内的线上服务，使用最广泛的当属腾讯公司的Q币。这两类虚拟货币与法定货币之间不存在兑换关系，只能够在网络社区中获得和使用;第三类是加密货币。
(1) The concept of a virtual currency is informal, limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. Virtual currency can be divided into three categories: game currency, accumulated in a game and traded between equipment or players; a dedicated currency issued by a portal or instant communication tool service provider for the purchase of on-line services within the site, using the most extensive number of Q-currencys that belong to a telecommunications company. There is no exchange relationship between these two types of virtual currency and the legal currency, which can be acquired and used only in the network community; and a third category is cryptographic currency.
(2)、加密货币是一种特殊的虚拟货币，如比特币、莱特币等，其使用密码学原理来确保交易安全及控制交易单位创造的交易媒介，换言之是基于区块链技术、具有去中心化思想的货币。加密货币的信用基础是数学算法，其价格取决于算法的可靠性及市场信心等因素，没有实际价值支撑，价值波动大。其主要用于互联网金融投资，也可以作为新式货币直接在生活中使用，还可以用来购买虚拟和真实的商品或服务。加密货币的核心特点是，不仅能在全球范围内即时流通，而且能实现匿名的点对点支付，更能摆脱现有的央行中心化机制，因此备受中产阶级推崇，但容易被洗钱、恐怖组织融资等非法活动利用。在某种程度上，加密数字货币的兴起与当前各国货币无锚滥发，IT精英与数学高知对主权货币失去信心有关。
(ii) Encrypted currency is a special virtual currency, such as Bitcoin, Lightcoin, which uses cryptological principles to ensure the security of transactions and to control the medium of transactions created by transaction units, in other words, a currency based on block-chain technology and a decentralised ideology. The credit base for encrypted money is mathematical algorithms, whose prices depend on the reliability of algorithms and market confidence, and are not supported by real value and volatile values.
(3)、数字货币一般是指以数字形式存在的法定货币，由国家做信用背书，有价值锚定，具备信用创造功能，对经济产生实质作用。在加密货币颠覆货币体系的言论甚嚣尘上之时，为确保法定货币的市场地位,各国央行都相继搭上数字化的班车，由央行发行的数字货币又称数字法币。数字货币与纸币一样，本质上都属于纯信用货币。其核心特点在于，一方面，货币发行和运行的可编程性使央行能够有效追踪货币在交易过程中的流通轨迹;另一方面，它能提升流通效率，节约纸质货币供给的发行、流通、结算成本，此外，它还有别于支付宝等电子支付手段“前台交易、后台结算”，出账、入账和记账即时发生。如此一来，不仅方便央行统计货币供给，利于相关政策定向调整优化，更提升了经济交易透明度和监管便利度，让逃漏税、洗钱、贪污、非法融资等行为无处遁形。具体到机制设计，各国侧重点不一。中国现阶段的法定数字货币设计注重M0替代，出发点是补充与替代实物货币，与此提法类似的是欧洲的央行，瑞典央行将其作为纸钞和硬币的补充，加拿大央行则更侧重其支付媒介功能。
The central feature is that, on the one hand, the programmable nature of currency issuance and operation allows central banks to effectively track the trajectory of money in the course of transactions, and that it improves the transparency and regulatory convenience of economic transactions, in addition to making it different from electronic payment instruments such as payment of treasures & ldquao; front-office transactions, back-office settlements & rdquao; and, on the other hand, the posting, recording and recording of money is a pure credit currency. The central bank’s ability to monitor the currency’s circulation trajectory in the course of transactions is not only to facilitate the central bank’s statistical monetary supply, but also to improve the transparency and regulatory convenience of economic transactions, and to replace the central bank’s currency with an alternative to the central bank’s market’s market-based system, such as taxes, money-laundering, illegal financing, etc.
(4)、区块链是一个记录所有交易信息的“分布式公开大账本”，可被一群遵守这个规则(共识机制)的人共同记录连续信息。在链上存在—种以数字代码形式存在的权益证明一Token,虽被广泛称为“代币”，但其更准确的翻译是“通证”，代表权利和价值，而非货币。虽然当下人们对区块链一边倒地看好，但央行却鲜少考虑以区块链为技术基础发行数字法币。宄其原因，区块链还处于理论突破阶段，落地尚需一系列的技术攻克及制度匹配。一方面，技术基础不充足。区块链诞生于无政府主义的狂欢，其去中心化的共识协议设置要求链上的全节点参与者都需要处理全部交易，其中数据只增不减且不可逆，这无疑令区块链受制于算力、密码学、大数据等领域技术限制，不仅导致低吞吐量和低交易速度(比特币区块时间长达15分钟)，存储也成为另一瓶颈。更别提量子计算机有效攻破公钥算法的预期，也成为区块链技术的潜在威胁。另—方面，应用场景不充分。区块链去信任、抗审查的系统与国家机器水火不相容，尤其是区块链去中心与国家机器中心化相斥，匿名性特征与监管穿透性原则背道而驰，在链上发展出的典型加密货币有限供给也成为经济需求的约束。
(4) The block chain is a &ldquo, which records all transactions; the distributed open account book ” the continuous information can be shared by a group of people who follow this rule (consensual mechanisms); &mdash exists on the chain; the interests in digital code form prove a Token, although widely referred to as “ ” but the more accurate translation is & ldquo; the translator & & rdquo; the representative rights and values, rather than the money. While the central bank is looking down on the side of the block chain, the central bank gives little consideration to the distribution of digital coins using the block chain as a technical base. The reason for this is that the grid is still in its theoretical breakthrough phase, requiring a series of technological cracks and systems to match; on the one hand, the technology base is inadequate; the technology chain is born out of the government, and the consensus agreement on its central development requires a full-scale review of the chain.
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