比特币及其无信任的分散式设计需要一个称为挖掘的独特过程，以验证添加到其底层区块链的每个事务。该过程涉及解决复杂的数学方程，并且通常需要一些严格的计算机处理能力，甚至是专门设计的硬件来验证每个块。bitcoin and its untrusted decentralized design requires a unique process known as excavation to validate each matter added to its bottom block chain. The process involves solving complex mathematical equations and usually requires some rigorous computer processing capability, even specially designed hardware, to validate each block.
由于在此过程中要消耗大量的能量，所以比特币和其他加密货币经常被世人诟病，因为挖矿导致全球碳排放的增加，可能对环境造成危害。然而，世界某些地区充足的太阳能可能使比特币未来的电力消耗不成问题。
据资料显示，2017年全球比特币挖矿的年耗电量约为30太瓦时，相当于全球总耗电量的0.13%，年度成本约为15亿美元。一项发表于聚焦能源材料的Cell子刊《焦耳》杂志上的最新研究认为，在全球范围内，比特币挖矿在一年内所消耗的电量至少与爱尔兰全国的年电力消费量相当，约为24太瓦时（万亿瓦时）；更严峻的情况是，这篇文章还认为，加密货币挖矿的能源使用量每六个月便会翻一番，并于2018年年底之前达到捷克的年耗电量（约67万亿瓦），这一数字占到了全球总耗电量的0.3%左右。甚至还有预测称，按照现在的耗电增速计算，到了2020年2月，虚拟货币挖矿就会占据全球所有的发电量。
According to
, the annual consumption of electricity in 2017 for the global mining of bitcoin is about 30 watt-hours, equivalent to about 0.13 per cent of total global electricity consumption, at an annual cost of about $1.5 billion. A recent study in the Cell magazine Joll, published as a focused energy material, considers that globally, the consumption of electricity by bitco mines in one year is at least equivalent to the annual consumption of electricity in Ireland, at around 24 watt-hours (100 million watt-hours); and, worse still, the article also considers that the annual consumption of energy in encrypted money mining will double every six months and reach the annual consumption of electricity in the Czech Republic by 2018 (about 67 trillion watts), which accounts for about 0.3 per cent of total electricity consumption worldwide.
太阳能可解决比特币挖矿的碳排放问题
随着对全球气候变化的担忧日益加剧，原始的加密货币越来越成为一个负面影响的话题 ：不仅仅是因为它最近的价格变动，而且还因为它的挖矿行为对全球碳排放造成的影响。就目前来讲，专家认为庞大的电力消耗是比特币的 “致命弱点”。
Solar energy can solve the problem of carbon emissions from bitcoin mining
, and with growing concerns about global climate change, the original encoded currency is becoming an increasingly negative topic: not only because of its recent price changes, but also because of the impact of mining on global carbon emissions. For now, experts consider massive electricity consumption to be the “lethal weakness” of bitcoin.
不过我们认为这样的说法可能被反对者和媒体都过度戏剧化，因为利用太阳能发电进行比特币挖矿可以非常廉价和有效。
以智利为例。智利拥有全球最高的太阳能辐射度，拥有拉丁美洲最大的太阳能发电厂，并且总体上拥有丰富的太阳能。智利靠近赤道，气候和天气条件使该国成为产生太阳能的主要地点。根据该国能源部制定的路线图，智利计划到2050年国家电力至少19%利用太阳能手段获得。智利已经生产出过多的太阳能，自2016年以来一直免费赠送。
正因为比特币挖矿耗电问题严重，目前已经有不少国家的矿商已经开始转向利用低价的能源进行挖矿，像日本熊本市当地能源生产商和供应商熊本能源公司部署更环保的大型太阳能电站解决挖比特币的耗电问题。熊本能源公司目前拥有一家数字货币挖矿子公司OZ Mining，他们计划有效利用太阳能发电厂的“多余电力”，进行数字货币挖矿。OZ Mining将会以10-19美元/千瓦的价格从熊本能源购买电力。
其实早在2012年7月，就有人在澳大利亚的一个偏远采矿小镇建造了一个1.7千瓦的太阳能发电站专门用来挖掘比特币。该矿工介绍经验，说自己不是依赖太阳能供电来驱动GPU挖矿并经济的运作比特币矿池，而是使用FPGA的方式进行比特币挖矿。矿工科普说，“当FPGA到达100w功率时，我得到1.5GH/s的算力，而使用GPU达到100w功率时，我仅得到350MH/s的算力。只要接入无线互联网络，我就可以不需要任何形式的地线供电。”
Chile is close to the equator, with climate and weather conditions making the country a major source of solar energy. According to the road map developed by the Ministry of Energy, Chile plans to use at least 19 per cent of national electricity by solar energy by 2050. Chile has produced too much solar energy and has given it free of charge since 2016.
, because of the serious problem of using it to dig for its own power, many of the country's miners are already turning to mine for low-cost energy, and it does not need 10 to 19 per cent of Japan's local energy producers and suppliers to deploy large solar power plants for solar power production. According to the road map developed by the Ministry of Energy, the country plans to use solar energy for at least 19 per cent of the country's electricity by 2050.
澳大利亚太阳能挖矿优势明显
解决加密货币挖矿所带来的气候威胁的一个更好选择是使用可再生的、生态友好的能源。《哈佛商业评论》发表的报告指出，太阳能可能是加密货币挖矿活动的一种可持续性选择。
One of the better options for addressing the climate threat posed by crypto-currency mining in Australia is the use of renewable, eco-friendly energy sources. The report published by the Harvard Business Review notes that solar energy may be a sustainable option for crypto-currency mining.
太阳能发电挖矿的最大成本在于设备的搭建，目前来讲，不少公司或者是个人在澳大利亚投资搭建挖矿设备，比如在澳大利亚的一个小镇上建造了一个靠太阳能发电的比特币挖矿农场，这座太阳能发电农场建在珀斯南边大约两百公里的煤矿小镇，而这个比特币挖矿农场是由国外数据中心运营商DC Two以及它的子公司D Coin开发建设，太阳能发电厂的能源建造是由Hadouken Pty Ltd公司进行建造。
根据保守估计目前整个数据中心以及太阳发电厂的第一阶段是预计提供4兆瓦的电力供应，而这座太阳能发电的比特币挖矿农场也将在2019年正式落成。对于今后挖矿而言D Coin将作为加密采矿托管服务商，并且称：“依托完整的加密采矿配置，利用初步阶段的4兆瓦电力的供能，我们的这座数据中心每年可以开采约650枚比特币，基于当前的采矿速度和兑换汇率，总价值约600万美元。”
The greatest cost of solar power mining is in the construction of equipment. Currently, a number of companies or individuals have invested in the construction of mining equipment in Australia, such as a small town in Australia where solar power generation is expected to provide 4 megawatts in the first phase of a solar power plant, which is located in a coal mine town about 200 km south of Perth, while the mining farm is being developed by the foreign data centre operator DC Two and its subsidiary D Coin, and the solar power plant is being built by Hadouken Pty Ltd.
, based on a conservative estimate that the current data centre as a whole and the first stage of a solar power plant is expected to provide 4 megawatts of electricity, and that the solar power farm will be officially inaugurated in 2019. For future mining, D Coin will serve as an encrypted mining hosting service, and it is stated: “On the basis of a complete encrypted mining configuration, using the initial phase of 4 megawatts of electricity, our data centre will be able to mine about 650 bits per year, based on the current mining speed and exchange rate, with a total value of about $6 million.”
备注：以上内容转载自NEWSBTC，由BTCC Global新闻部编译。
Note: The above is reproduced from NEWSBTC, compiled by the Department of Public Information of BTCC Global.
电科技（www.diankeji.com）是一家专注于全球TMT行业的领先资讯媒体。
Electronics and Technology (www.diankeji.com) is a leading information medium focused on the global TMT industry.
作为今日头条青云计划、百家号百+计划获得者，2019百度数码年度作者、百家号科技领域最具人气作者、2019搜狗科技文化作者、2021百家号季度影响力创作者，曾荣获2013搜狐最佳行业媒体人、2015中国新媒体创业大赛北京赛季军、 2015年度光芒体验大奖、2015中国新媒体创业大赛总决赛季军、2018百度动态年度实力红人等诸多大奖。
As the winner of today’s leading Qingyun Project, the 100+ Project, the digital annual authors of 2019, the 100th most popular in science and technology, the 2019 dog-searchers, the 2021st quarterly influence creators, the best industry media promoter of the 2013 search, the Beijing Quakers of the 2015 China New Media Entrepreneurship Competition, the 2015 luminous experience award, the 2015 China New Media Entrepreneurship final season, the 2018-degree dynamic year Red Man, and many other prizes.
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