关注比特币的你，一定听说过挖矿，应该也听说过矿池。这里的挖矿当然不是指从地里挖掘矿石，而是用计算机来进行hash计算，最后的结果满足特定的要求就算挖矿成功。
You must've heard of mining. You must've heard of mining. It's not about digging ore from the ground.
那么矿池又是什么呢？矿池就是矿工的集合地，任何矿工都可以加入，无论个体还是组织，无论专业还是业余。加入到矿池的矿工挖到矿后，获得的奖励会被分配到矿池，然后矿池再根据预先设定的分红规则进行奖励发放。
What about the pond? The pond
或许你会想为啥要加入矿池呢？因为收益更稳定。以买彩票为例，假如中奖的概率是1/100,000。那么你买一张彩票，中奖的概率就是1/100,000，如果你买100张就是1/1000，但是一个人的财力毕竟有限，就算买100张，中奖的概率却还是很小。如果找9个小伙伴一起来买，大家一人买100张，概率就是1/100了。如果找更多小伙伴一起，那么中奖的几率就会更高，而且你也不需要一个人买100张了，当然在买之前肯定需要先协商好中奖之后的分红规则。
Why would you want to join the pond? Because the proceeds are more stable.
矿池的原理和买彩票很类似。
The principles of the
假设全网的算力是5000P（PHash/s算力单位，1PHash/s等于1000THash/s），一个普通的矿工有一个算力为10T的矿机，占全网算力的50万分之1，平均挖到一个区块的时间是10分钟。那么一个普通矿工大约需要9年的时间才能挖到一个区块，然后获得全部的比特币。但是如果找9个人来一起挖，找到一个区块的时间就小于1年了，如果找100个人，甚至更多的人，挖到一个区块的概率就会更大，收入也会更趋于稳定。
Assuming that the net is 5,000 P (PHash/s power unit, 1 PHash/s equals 1,000 THash/s), a normal miner has a miner with a capacity of 10 T, accounting for one half a million parts of the net, and digs into a block for an average of 10 minutes. takes about nine years to dig a block and then obtains the entire bitcoin. 矿工加入矿池都是为了能有更稳定的收益，不至于努力很久也没有回报，那么矿池是如何平衡挖到矿的矿工和没挖到矿的矿工之间的利益的呢？我们知道一个矿工挖到矿是个小概率事件，绝大部分矿工尽管也努力进行了计算，但最后并没有挖到矿。为了奖励这一部分矿工，矿池一般会设置比实际挖矿难度低得多的矿池难度，比如实际难度的1/1000。当矿工每算出一个满足矿池难度的hash值时，就把结果发给管理员，证明自己做出了努力。管理员会记录矿工的努力，然后按规则给矿工分红。 All miners join the ponds in order to have more stable returns than they have worked for a long time and no return. 矿池有很多种分红规则，简单介绍几个最常见的规则： There are many red rules in the pit: 1 PPS（pay per share）每次有贡献就支付 PPS(pay per share) pays every time you make a contribution 根据前面介绍的，当矿工算出一个满足矿池难度的hash值就表示有一个贡献（share），然后管理员立即就会对其支付一定的比特币。这个模式相当于预支付，当没有挖到区块时管理员需要垫付给矿工奖励，管理员承担了比较大的风险，所以收取的管理费也会更多。 According to the above, when the miners calculate a share value that meets the difficulties of the pond, the administrator pays a certain amount of bitcoin immediately. This pattern is prepaid for , managers are required to advance incentives to miners when they do not dig blocks, and managers take greater risks, so more overheads are charged. 2 PROP（proportional）按贡献比例支付 PROP (Proportional) paid in proportion to contribution 挖到一个区块后，根据每个矿工做出的贡献比例进行分红。这个模式减少了管理员的风险，但是增加了管理员的工作量，需要对每个矿工做的贡献进行审核、记录、然后计算比例再分配奖励。 After digging into a block, the scale of the contribution of each miner
3
PPLNS（Pay Per Last N Shares）最近的N个贡献按比例支付
与PROP模式比较类似，不同之处在于PROP只奖励一个区块周期内的做出贡献的矿工，区块周期也就是从全网络公布了一个区块后开始寻找，直到找到他的下一个区块，也就是大约10分钟。而PPLNS模式不考虑区块周期，只考虑最近的N个贡献的矿工按比例进行奖励。该模式对长期矿工的奖励会多于短期矿工。
Similar to the PROP model, the difference is that the PROP only rewards the miners who contribute during a block cycle, that is, starting with the release of a block on the entire network until the next block, that is, about 10 minutes, is found. The PPLNS model does not consider the block cycle, and rewards only the most recent N-contribution miners proportionally.
4
SMPPS（Shared Maximum Pay Per Share ）按资金最大值对每个贡献支付
SMPPS (Shured Maximum Pay Per Share) pays each contribution at maximum value of money
与PPS类似，只要有贡献都会支付固定的奖励，但不是立即支付，当挖到一个区块后，矿池的资金如果足够支付所有矿工的未支付的贡献则立即支付，如果不足够就按比例支付矿工的贡献。剩下的资金留着到下一次支付。该模式只会按已有的资金来支出，不会让管理员承担太大的风险。
Like the PPS,
两点疑问：
Two questions:
正常情况下，矿工一直努力工作然后把结果提交给管理员，那会不会出现一个矿工挖到一个区块后不愿意提交给管理员，而私自广播出去？
Normally, miners work hard and submit the results to the manager. Is it possible that a miner who digs into a block won't give it to the manager and goes out on his own?
答案是不会的。因为矿工所做的计算都是基于矿池的地址的，要知道计算hash值的时候改变任意一个参数，最后的结果可能都会相差甚远，所以矿工如果私自广播出去了，最后的收益还是到矿池里面，而且自己还少了一个贡献。
The answer to is no. , because the miners make calculations based on the address of the pond, knowing that the result of a change in any parameter at the time of calculating the hash is likely to be very different, so if the miners go out on their own, the return will be in the pond, and they will have one less contribution of their own.
那矿工会不会挖到区块之后故意丢弃呢？
What if the mining union didn't dig up the block and throw it away?
答案是有可能，如果是别的矿池派来的间谍，目的就是要拖垮这个矿池，那他就肯定会在挖到区块后故意丢弃，让这个矿池得到收益的概率变低。但是如果是一个普通的矿工，那他一定不会丢弃。
The answer to 说了这么多，大家最关心的问题可能是“我应该加入哪种矿池？”或者“我应不应该加入矿池？” "What kind of pond should I join?" or "should I join?" 我认为大部分个人投资者不应该加入矿池，而是直接购买比特币即可（仅个人观点）。比特币挖矿是基于POW（power of work）工作量证明的，谁的算力强谁占优势。比特币挖矿需要用专门的矿机，家用电脑几乎没有挖到矿的可能。而购买矿机和运行矿机的成本是巨大的，专用矿机除了挖矿，几乎没有其他价值，更新换代也很快。这些特性并不符合大部分个人投资者的利益诉求。所以作为普通投资者就不要加入挖矿队伍了，喜欢就直接买买买。 I think that most individual investors should not join the pond, but simply buy bitcoin (only personal perspective). bitcoin digs are based on the Pow (power of work) workload proofs, and who has the advantage. Bitcoin digs require a dedicated mine machine, and computers are virtually impossible to dig. And the cost of buying and running a mine machine is enormous, and specialized miners have little value other than digging, and it is fast to replace them. These characteristics are not in the interest of most individual investors. therefore does not want to join the mining team as an ordinary investor and prefers to buy them directly. （完） (concluded) 参考文献： References: 1、《How Do Cryptocurrency Mining Pools Work?》 https://www.investopedia.com/tech/how-do-mining-pools-work/ 2、《Mining Pools and How They Work》 https://www.cryptocompare.com/mining/guides/mining-pools-and-how-they-work/ 3、《How do Mining Pools Work? Is it Better Than Solo Mining?》 https://captainaltcoin.com/what-is-pool-mining/ 4、《Mining Pool Methods》 https://www.bytecoin.party/mining-pool-methods/ 5、《浅谈矿池协议》 5. The Assemble Pool Agreement https://blog.csdn.net/vinsuan1993/article/details/78013894 6、《比特币挖矿难度与收益计算》 6. Bitcoin Mining Difficulty and Profit Calculations https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28805231
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