概览：
and nbsp; overview:
现今的比特币挖矿是什么样的?
What's a bitcoin mining like today?
2100万的供应量用完了会怎么样?
What happens when we run out of $21 million?
一个人挖一个比特币需要多长时间?
How long does it take to dig a bitcoin alone?
在高调告别2020年之后，比特币(BTC)在机构、社交媒 体和主流金融世界中继续蓬勃发展。
After a high-profile farewell in 2020, Bitcoin (BTC) continued to flourish in the institutional, social media and mainstream financial world.
比特币作为价值存储的用途已大大增加。总体而言，比特币的吸引力使人们更加积极地接受区块链网络和加密货币。
Bitcoin has increased significantly in value storage. Overall, Bitcoin’s appeal has led to a more active acceptance of block chain networks and encrypted currency.
比特币网络和挖矿
bitcoinnet and mining
在2008年华尔街金融危机期间，匿名作者兼开发者中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto)发表了一份白皮书，提出了一种独立于政府和中央银行的去中心化货币模式。对于这种数字货币，交易将在点对点(P2P)的基础上进行，并在挖矿过程中通过解决加密方程进行确认。
During the 2008 Wall Street financial crisis, the anonymous author and developer Satoshi Nakamoto published a white paper proposing a decentralized currency model independent of the government and the central bank. For such digital currencies, transactions will be conducted on the basis of point-to-point (P2P) and confirmed by addressing encryption equations during mining.
挖矿是通过解决复杂的数学方程以向区块链网络添加新的交易“区块”的多重过程。为了创造一种让交易永远不可改变的去中心化的P2P技术，中本聪开发了一种解决方案，使开放网络上的矿工可以通过一系列经过加密处理的数学挑战来确认新的交易。总的来说，网络上的每个节点必须达成共识，交易才会有效。
By resolving complex mathematical equations to add new transactions to the network of blocks & & ldquo; blocks & & rdquo; multiple processes. To create a P2P technology that allows transactions to be permanently decentralized, China has developed a solution that allows miners on open networks to identify new transactions through a series of encrypted mathematical challenges.
挖矿/共识机制的类型
Types of mining/consensual mechanisms
如今，区块链网络上常用的共识机制主要有两种：工作量证明(PoW)和权益证明(PoS)机制。比特币的开发者是在PoW共识算法的基础上建立网络的。
Today, there are two main common consensus mechanisms on the block chain network: the PoW and the PoS. Bitcoin developers build the network on the PoW consensus algorithm.
在PoW中，矿工在向区块链中加入一个新的区块(价值1MB的验证交易)后，基本上会得到比特币的激励。为了获得PoW模型中的一部分交易，矿工必须正确解决一个小于或等于
In PoW, miners basically get a bitcoin incentive to add a new block to the block chain (a certified transaction with a value of 1MB). In order to get a part of the deal in the PoW model, miners have to deal with a smaller or equal amount.
与此相反，PoS共识机制使用的是矿工而不是验证者。PoS共识中的验证者根据其在网络中的利益关系获得奖励。从本质上讲，PoS验证者在系统中锁定了他们的货币，并对下一个要添加的区块进行押注。当他们做对的时候，他们就会得到区块奖励。总的来说，验证者只能开采或验证他们所押注的网络比例。
By contrast, the PoS consensus mechanism uses miners rather than certifications. The certifications in the PoS consensus are rewarded on the basis of their interests in the network. Essentially, the PoS certifications lock their currency in the system and bet on the next block they want to add. When they do the right thing, they get block rewards.
虽然PoW共识是经过精心设计的，以确保比特币网络的安全并防止“双重消费”，但它并非没有缺陷。
Although the PoW consensus was carefully designed to ensure the safety of the Bitcoin network and to prevent &ldquao; dual consumption & & rdquao; it was not without defects.
为了在PoW中验证交易和添加新的区块，矿工需要消耗大量的计算能力和大量的电力。国际能源协会2019年发布的一份报告显示，比特币挖矿消耗的能源与瑞士、爱尔兰等中等国家一样多。
In order to validate transactions and add new blocks in PoW, miners need to consume a great deal of computing capacity and electricity. A report issued by the International Energy Association in 2019 shows that bitcoin digs consume as much energy as medium-sized countries like Switzerland and Ireland.
为了解决能耗问题，PoS共识限制用户只能验证自己在网络中的股权。2020年12月，以太坊(ETH)宣布推出以太坊2.0的第一阶段——这是一种PoS共识模式，与现有的PoW模型相比，它将节省更多的汽油费和能源消耗。
To address energy consumption, the PoS consensus limits users to proving their shareholding in the network. In December 2020, the ETH announced the launch of the first phase of — and & mdash in EP2; this is a PoS consensus model that will save more gasoline and energy consumption than the existing PoW model.
2100万的供应量和比特币减半
21 million and Bitcoin by half
要运营任何一个去中心化模式，从源代码到执行的每一个细节都要做到位。有限的比特币供应和减半是为了维持去中心化模式的独特约定。
To run any decentralisation model, every detail from source code to implementation is in place. A limited bitcoin supply and a half is to maintain the unique deal of decentralization.
在比特币网络的设计中，比特币的供应量是有限的。最终，随着新的比特币区块加入区块链，流通中的比特币将只有2100万枚。总的来说，截至写稿时，已经有约1860万枚比特币被挖出。
In the design of the Bitcoin network, the supply of bitcoin is limited. Eventually, with the new bitcoin block joining the block chain, there will be only 21 million bitcoins in circulation. Overall, at the time of writing, about 186 million bitcoins had been excavated.
每隔四年，或者说每向比特币账本添加21万个区块的时候，向区块链添加一个新区块的奖励就会减半。基本上，当2009年开始挖比特币时，挖掘一个新区块的奖励是50个比特币;如今经过三次比特币减半事件后，奖励是6.25BTC。
Every four years, or every time 210,000 blocks are added to the bitcoin, the incentive to add a new block to the block chain is halved. Basically, when the bitcoin is dug in 2009, the incentive to dig a new block is 50 bitcoins; now, after three bitcoins are halved, the reward is 6.25 BTC.
因此，每一次比特币减半事件都会造成人为的比特币稀缺，并与历史上比特币的牛市行情有关。
As a result, every halving of the bitcoin has resulted in artificial bitcoin scarcity and has been linked to historical bitcoin cattle market developments.
挖一个比特币需要多长时间?
How long does it take to dig a bitcoin?
挖一个比特币需要多长时间?如前所述，比特币网络是建立在PoW共识机制上的。在这种模式下，矿工每增加一个新的交易区块到网络中，就会得到比特币的奖励。
How long does it take to dig a bitcoin? As mentioned earlier, the Bitcoin network is based on the PoW Consensus. In this model, miners get a bitcoin reward for adding a new trading block to the network.
无论矿工数量多少，网络每隔十分钟必须增加一个新区块。然而，比特币网络上有成千上万的矿工，他们每个人都在竞相猜测添加新区块所需的哈希值(64位十六进制)。
Regardless of the number of miners, the network must add a new block every 10 minutes.
成功挖掘一个区块需要矿工花费很多年的时间，而且由于竞争，最终可能是不可行的。为了克服这一障碍，许多矿工组队共享计算能力和由此产生的奖励。在过去的几年里，挖矿在保持相同原理的同时在节省时间，能源和计算能力方面不断发展。
To overcome this obstacle, many miners share computing capabilities and the resulting incentives. In the past few years, mining has evolved in terms of saving time, energy, and computing capabilities, while maintaining the same rationale.
ASIC和挖矿的演变
Asc and the evolution of mining
基本上，当比特币挖矿开始时，矿工们会使用他们的拥有像样的图形处理单元(GPU)、最小电力消耗和最低技术技能的家用电脑。
Basically, when bitcoin digs begin, miners use their home computers with decent graphic processing units (GPUs), minimum electricity consumption and minimal technical skills.
然而，随着比特币网络的不断发展，开发者在2010年10月公开了挖掘比特币的代码。比特币挖矿的竞争越来越激烈，需要更多的计算能力和效率。
However, with the continued development of the Bitcoin network, the developers released the code to dig bitcoin in October 2010. Bitcoin mining competition is becoming more intense and requires more computing capacity and efficiency.
多年来，挖矿网络的数量、规模以及最重要的计算能力都在增加。2013年，来自中国的制造商Canaan creative设计了应用专用集成电路(ASIC)，这是第一个比特币挖矿专用电路。
Over the years, the number, size, and most important computing capabilities of mining networks have increased. In 2013, the manufacturer from China, Canaan Creative, designed the application of the Specialized Integrated Circuit (ASIC), the first of its kind in Bitcoin.
ASIC挖矿芯片非常先进：它们比GPU更快、更高效、更先进。今天，比特币矿工继续争夺区块奖励，而不同的硬件制造商则追求效率，尤其是功耗和能耗。
ASIC mining chips are very advanced: they are faster, more efficient, and more advanced than GPU. Today, bitcoin miners continue to compete for block incentives, while different hardware manufacturers pursue efficiency, especially power and energy consumption.
2100万被挖完会怎样?
What happens when 21 million people are dug up?
比特币的有限供给最终会以目前的速度耗尽。当然，这在比特币网络中引起了有趣的争论，并对未来的挖矿盈利能力提出了质疑。
Bitcoin’s limited supply will eventually run out at the current rate. Of course, this has given rise to interesting debate in the Bitcoin network and raises questions about the future profitability of mining.
然而，必须注意的是，即使在2100万个供应量被成功挖出后，矿工也会继续赚取比特币交易费，但不会获得区块奖励。
It is important to note, however, that even after 21 million supplies have been successfully excavated, miners will continue to earn bitcoin trading fees but will not receive block incentives.
在比特币网络不断发展和普及的同时，挖矿和关于供应量的争论也是未来几年值得关注的问题。
While the Bitcoin network continues to grow and spread, mining and the debate over supply are also issues of concern in the coming years.
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