买卖USDT虚拟币的法律风险

近日，秦皇岛市山海关区人民检察院受理一起通过USDT币交易掩饰隐瞒犯罪所得的案件，普通老百姓可能对USDT可能比较陌生。USDT是一种基于稳定价值货币美元的虚拟货币，用户可以用它与同等量的美元进行等值的兑换。因其交易的隐秘性，也经常被不法分子用来处理非法资金。

In recent days, the People’s Procuratorate of the Customs District of Qin Royal Island City has been seized with a case of concealing the proceeds of crime through a USDT transaction, and ordinary citizens may be unfamiliar with the USDT. The USDT is a virtual currency based on a stable value dollar, which users can exchange with the equivalent amount of United States dollars.

虽然我国没有明确禁止买卖USDT等虚拟货币，但是在现实中私下里交易USDT存在诸多风险，一旦在交易过程中收到来历不明的钱，买卖交易的账户就会被冻结，甚至构成犯罪。下面谈谈买卖USDT可能触犯的罪名。

Although our country does not explicitly prohibit the purchase and sale of virtual currencies such as USDT, there are many risks associated with private transactions involving the freezing or even the criminalization of trading transactions once unknown money is received in the course of the transaction.

1.掩饰隐瞒犯罪所得罪。刑法第三百一十二条规定，明知是犯罪所得及其产生的收益而予以窝藏、转移、收购、代为销售或者以其他方法掩饰、隐瞒，构成本罪。如果交易人员的账号多次被银行止付、冻结情况下，仍利用虚拟货币交易平台，进行虚拟货币买卖，并通过线上支付，收款后立即转账或者将钱款取现的方式，通过虚拟货币的买进、卖出，以转移或者取现的方式转移资金，可能构成本罪。

The offence of concealing the proceeds of crime . Article 312 of the Penal Code provides that the concealment, transfer, acquisition, sale or other concealment or concealment of the proceeds of crime, knowing that they are the proceeds of crime, may constitute a crime.

2.帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪。刑法第二百八十七条之二规定，明知他人利用信息网络实施犯罪，为其犯罪提供互联网接入、服务器托管、网络存储、通讯传输等技术支出，或者提供广告推广、支付结算等帮助的，构成本罪。如在交易虚拟货币时，在推定明知交易资金可能系电信网络犯罪所得予以提供资金结算方面提供帮助的，可能构成本罪。

2. The offence of assisting in the activities of information cybercrime constitutes an offence under article 287 bis of the Penal Code if, knowing that another person uses an information network to commit an offence, he or she provides technical assistance in the form of Internet access, server hosting, network storage, communication transmission, etc. for the commission of an offence, or in the form of advertising promotion, payment of a settlement.

3.洗钱罪。刑法第一百九十一条规定，为掩饰、隐瞒毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、走私犯罪、贪污贿赂犯罪、破坏金融管理秩序犯罪、金融诈骗犯罪的所得及产生的收益的来源和性质的，有提供资金账户、将财产转成现金的、通过转账或者其他支付结算等方式转移的，构成本罪。如果明知买卖虚拟币的资金来源于上述几种特定犯罪，而依然提供支付结算的，可能构成本罪。

3. Money-laundering . Article 191 of the Penal Code makes it an offence to provide a financial account, transfer property into cash, transfer or other payment settlement for the purpose of concealing, concealing drug offences, organized crimes of a criminal nature, terrorist offences, smuggling offences, corruption and bribery offences, crimes against the order of financial management, crimes of financial fraud and the origin and nature of the proceeds generated.