区块链精准溯源，构筑“菜篮子”信任基石

　　今年初暴发的疫情，使得农产品批发市场被推到了舆论的风口浪尖，暴露了行业普遍存在的环境秩序差、管理粗放、食品安全和溯源体系缺失等问题，部分否定农批市场的声音也不绝于耳。但与此同时，疫情期间农产品批发市场充分发挥了有效保障居民生活必需品供应的功能，成为农产品保供稳价、助农脱贫的重要渠道。当前，关于农批市场的转型升级成为行业共识。面对数字化经济的飞速发展，江苏无锡朝阳集团等农批市场正向智慧农批市场加速转型。

But, at the same time, during the epidemic, the wholesale market for agricultural products was fully able to provide an effective supply of basic necessities for the population, and became an important channel for sustaining agricultural prices and helping farmers to escape poverty. At the present time, the transformation of the agricultural market has become an industry consensus.

　　无锡已稳居行业第一阵营

No tin has stabilized in the first quarter of the industry.

　　“产地：山东烟台市栖霞；来货车辆：卡车鲁FBZ×××；交易时间：9月21日10：18；交易商品：红富士苹果；交易量：87.8公斤；流向地：荣巷中惠超市……”在朝阳农产品大市场的数据中台展示电子屏上，滚动的实时大数据记录下了这批苹果从产地到终端销售点上的全部信息，包括供应商和购买商双方的姓名、地址、身份证号等个人信息全部清清楚楚显示在屏。根据这些实时更新、自动录入系统的大数据，管理者可以进行实时的数据分析、遥控协调问题、采取决策。这条完整的流通追溯链条不仅让管理效率提升，同时也保证了农副产品去向可查证、责任可追究。

“Late of production: FBZ Xxx, truck: 21 September; trading time: 10.18; tradable goods: red Foss apples; volume: 87.8 kg; flow to the land: Hye Supermarket in Long Street...” On the electronic screen of data from the main market for Yooyang agricultural products, rolling large real-time data captures all the information on the apple from the place of origin to the end point of sale, including the names, addresses, identity numbers, etc. of both suppliers and buyers. On the basis of these large data for real-time updates, automated recording systems, managers can conduct real-time data analysis, remote coordination problems, and decision-making. This complete flow-retroactivity chain not only enhances management efficiency, but also ensures that agricultural by-products go to the searchable and accountability points.

　　今年春天，伴随着武汉和北京两地农产品批发市场集中暴发疫情，国内传统农批市场普遍存在的脏、乱、差以及粗放管理的落后现状也成为关注的焦点。国内疫情得到有效控制的当下，关于农批市场的转型升级尤其是在食品安全监管与溯源方面的大力提升成为绕不开的话题。智慧农批市场，成为国内很多农批市场积极转型的方向。在农批业内人士看来，不久前，北京新发地市场全面复市推出的新举措，包括建标准化种植基地、对人车货的严格准入制度、信息实时可查询、智能溯源等，是目前朝阳农产品批发市场早已推行的模式。

This spring, accompanied by an outbreak of concentrated agricultural production markets in Wuhan and Beijing, concerns have also been raised about the state of the country’s traditional agricultural market, which is characterized by a state of impurity, chaos, poor governance and backwardness. At a time when the domestic epidemic is effectively under control, a major upgrading of the agricultural market, particularly in terms of food safety regulation and traceability, has become inevitable.

　　事实上，信息化之路，朝阳从1993年在国内同行业中率先于蔬菜批发市场建成“一卡通”全程电子交易结算模式开始，就从未停歇过。不仅起步早，而且经过多年的不断完善、升级，已从单一的货品溯源，到今年完成了人、车、货的全方位溯源，溯源网络进一步织密。据悉，这套行业领先的溯源体系目前在国内仅有少数几家农批市场启用。市场在国内还首创“电子磅秤”全电子交易网络结算模式，全面推广使用“可溯源型电子秤+电脑+刷卡机”新型组合一体机，信息化、数字化清晰记录农产去向。据悉，目前在蔬菜、水果、家禽批发市场内，已有600余台德国品牌的电子秤发挥着溯源作用。

In fact, the path of informatization, which began in 1993 with the introduction of a “one-carton” full-time electronic transaction settlement model in the vegetable wholesale market, has never stopped. Not only has it been early, but it has been continuously refined and upgraded for many years, from a single shipment to a single shipment, and this year it has completed a full-scale traceability of people, vehicles, and goods, further entangled in a network. The industry’s leading traceability system is known to be currently operating in only a few agricultural markets in the country.

　　区块链溯源

Block Chain Retrieval

　　更精准保障舌尖上的安全

It's more accurate to keep your tongue on the tip of your tongue.

　　农产品质量安全问题一直是各级政府部门和社会公众关心的重点民生问题。朝阳集团董事长张君君介绍，农产品供应的高成本、低效率、信息保护缺乏安全性等缺陷，使得小概率问题引起的突发事件时有发生，给供应链体系内各方都造成严重困扰和损失。当前国内农批行业都在开展农产品溯源，但溯源标准不一致，每一类产品，其产品生命周期全程的供应链管理各不相同，造成溯源指标和标准各不相同。那么，如何构筑起百姓菜篮子信任的基石？张君君坦言数字化创新是“一路摸着石头过河，不断试错的过程”。

The issue of quality safety in agricultural products has been a major concern for the population at all levels of government and the public at large. The Chairman of the Yangtze Group, Zhang Junjun, described deficiencies in the high cost, inefficiency, and lack of security in information protection of the supply of agricultural products, which have led to sudden occurrences of small probability problems, causing serious distress and loss to all parties in the supply chain system. The country’s agro-package industry is currently engaged in the traceability of agricultural products, but the standards of traceability are inconsistent, and the supply chain management throughout the product life cycle varies from product to product, resulting in different trace indicators and standards. So, how to build trust in the public food basket?

　　2010年以来，商务部、财政部开始分五批支持全国58个试点城市开展肉类蔬菜追溯体系建设，朝阳成为国内首批试点肉菜溯源体系建设单位。但实施过程中一些共性问题开始显现：中心化的管理方式成本高、社会公众认知度认同感不高、经营者参与度不足、使用效率不高、运维压力巨大……为进一步解决传统农产品溯源系统的缺陷，朝阳充分挖掘农产品溯源服务的科技创新点，打破传统的由政府部门、主体市场等主导溯源的局面，在国内行业中首创基于区块链的农产品精准可信溯源服务管理。通过区块链分布式协同记账机制，将农产品生产、加工、运输和销售中的每个主体连接到一个网络中，形成信息和价值的共享链条，记录下农产品全生命周期每个环节的重要数据。

Since 2010, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Finance have been supporting the construction of the meat-retroactivity system in 58 pilot cities throughout the country, with Yoo-yang becoming the country's first pilot home-grown meat-retroactivity system. However, a number of common problems have emerged in the course of implementation: the cost of centralized management practices, a low level of public awareness, insufficient involvement of operators, inefficient use, and high pressure on transport. In order to further address the deficiencies of the traditional agricultural traceability system, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Finance fully exploits the science, technology and innovation points of the agricultural traceability service, breaking the traditional retroactive situation dominated by government departments and major markets, and creating in the domestic industry a credible traceability of agricultural products based on block chains.

　　在数据中台展示电子屏上，记者看到，每一批货物进场，从基地开始到销售终端的货、人、车数据，在交易各方都是公开透明可查询的。整个链条上形成了一个完整而流畅的信息流，把农产品溯源从传统的事后追溯向事前事中的监管进行转变。这一技术创新应用为企业提供了农产品全流程精准追溯能力，真正做到来源可查、去向可追、责任可究，克服了传统溯源平台存在信息不透明、数据容易篡改、安全性差等弱点，让无锡市民舌尖上的安全得到了更有力的保障。

On the data platform, where electronic screens are displayed, journalists see that every shipment of goods arrives, from the base to the end of the sale, and that data on people and vehicles is publicly and transparently accessible to all parties to the transaction. A complete and fluid flow of information has been created throughout the chain, turning agricultural products retroactively from traditional ex post to pre-existing regulations.

　　数字化转型

Digital transformation

　　满足人民对美好生活的向往

To meet people's aspirations for a better life.

　　今年疫情期间，农产品批发行业充分发挥了有效保障居民生活必需品供应的功能。不过，疫情以来，各类生鲜电商的风起云涌，也让农批业内人士有了全新的认识。

During this year’s epidemic, the agricultural wholesaler sector has been able to provide an efficient supply of basic necessities. However, since the outbreak, there has been a surge in the availability of a variety of suppliers of electricity and electricity, which has led to a new awareness in the agricultural sector.

　　“生鲜电商的营销模式我们也在学习，但生鲜电商并不能取代农批市场，因为两者的功能定位是完全不一样的。张君君认为，对农批市场来说，“互联网+”的价值在于提高信息化程度与运营效率，让批发市场向标准化、规范化的方向发展，这是批发市场升级的必由之路。即便各类生鲜电商都在宣传着原产地直采的标语，但实际上很多生鲜电商平台都是直接从农批市场进行采购，农批市场才是农产品流通环节中的“隐形冠军”。有数据显示，目前我国每年有超过70%的农产品是经由全国4000多个农批市场组成的网络渠道进行流通的。在无锡，走上市民餐桌的农副产品有超过90%来自朝阳农产品大市场。

According to Jang, the value of “Internet+” in agricultural wholesale markets is to increase the degree and efficiency of information and to move wholesale markets towards standardization and standardization, which is a necessary route to upgrading wholesale markets. Even though all kinds of raw electricity suppliers are promoting the slogans of origin, in practice many of them are buying directly from agricultural batch markets, which are the “invisible champions” of agricultural circulation. The data show that today, more than 70% of our agricultural produce is circulating through a network of more than 4,000 agricultural wholesale markets across the country. In tin-free, more than 90% of the agricultural by-products that go to the public table come from the large market of positive agricultural products.

　　农批行业如何通过数字化转型取得长久稳定发展，这是行业人士从未停止思考的问题。9月27-29日，2020全国城市农贸中心联合会会长扩大会暨数字化转型峰会在无锡召开。作为农贸联副会长单位，朝阳集团成为此次峰会的承办方。期间，朝阳集团将与全国30多家行业会员单位就疫情之下农产品批发市场面临的难点、痛点，共同研讨农产品批发市场数字化转型的模式与发展方向。记者了解到，目前农业农村部采集的农产品价格指数，朝阳集团是比较重要的数据采集点之一。而近年来朝阳农批市场的智慧管理模式也已成为行业标杆，吸引着国内多个农批市场前来学习考察。

As a vice-president of the Federation of Agricultural Trade Centres, the Yangtze Group has become the host of the summit. During this period, the Yangtze Group will work with more than 30 industry members throughout the country on the difficulties and pains faced by the wholesale market for agricultural products under the epidemic to examine the pattern and development of the digital transformation of the wholesale market for agricultural products.

　　张君君一直把朝阳比作农副产品的运输工。“如何把农产品安全送上百姓的餐桌，近30年的信息化改造成果证明，只有数字化转型才能不断满足人民对美好生活的向往。市场的‘十四五’高质量发展同样需要依靠数字化带动，来形成更完善的绿色农产品供应链体系……”张君君表示。

“How to bring agricultural products safely to the people’s table, the information transformation of nearly 30 years has shown that only a digital transition can meet people’s aspirations to a better life. The “14th Five” high-quality development of the market also requires a digitally driven system of a better supply chain for green agricultural products,” Zhang said.

　　（朱洁、实习生 侯颖 图文报道）

(Jujie, Intern, Hoi Ying, Twist)