元宇宙这个概念火了好几年了，但还是有不少人没搞懂，元宇宙是什么东西，这里套用一下著名机械工程专家、中国工程院院士谭建荣先生的话【元宇宙就是从虚拟现实到数字孪生所有技术的总和，当然也包括了人工智能、区块链、大数据、移动互联网等等技术。但它的核心技术就是虚拟现实和数字孪生。元宇宙的三大特征：第一个特征就是虚拟现实、虚拟化身。过去我们是人机交互，我们上网上机，人在机器外面，人在互联网外面，而元宇宙，人到里面去了，虚实融合了，里面有个虚拟化身是元宇宙的特征之一；第二个特征就是真实的体验、真实的交互。过去我们的交互，是鼠标交互、文字交互、语言交互，都是隔着计算机屏幕，都是在网的外面，现在要有真实的交互、真实的体验，直到虚拟和真实无法分清楚。这就是最好的虚拟现实，这是最好的元宇宙。现在这一技术已经部分地实现；第三个特征是时空的倒流。在元宇宙空间里，时空可以倒流，把过去与未来融合在一起。】
The concept of the metaspace has been on fire for years, but there are still many people who do not understand what the metaspace is, using the words of the famous mechanical engineering expert, Mr. Tan Jianyong of the Chinese Engineering Institute, which is the sum of all technologies from virtual reality to digital birth, including, of course, artificial intelligence, block chains, big data, mobile Internet, and so on. The core technology of the metacosystem is virtual reality and digital birth. The first feature is virtual reality and virtual incarnation. We used to interact with each other, people on the web outside the machine, people outside the Internet, people outside the metacosystem, and people went inside. The virtual integrator is one of the features of the metacosystem. The second feature is real experience, real interaction.
那么又是什么是工业元宇宙？元宇宙在工业领域的应用场景有哪些？感兴趣的往下看。
So what's the industrial cosmos? What are the applications of the cosmos in the industrial field?
什么是工业元宇宙
What's an industrial universe?
元宇宙通常被描绘为一个包罗万象的单一数字世界，但其实它可以被分为三个不同的领域，即工业元宇宙、企业元宇宙和消费元宇宙。各个元宇宙领域的发展速度尚不确定，但所有分析都预测，未来十年，工业元宇宙及其使能技术将快速增长。
The metacosystem is often described as an all-encompassing single digital world, but it can be divided into three different areas, namely, the industrial cosmos, the corporate cosmos, and the consumer cosmos. The pace of development in each metacosystem is uncertain, but all analyses predict that the industrial cosmos and its enabling technologies will grow rapidly over the next decade.
工业元宇宙是元宇宙的一个分支，是对高度复杂系统如机器、工厂、城市、交通网络的映射和模拟。它可为参与者提供完全沉浸、交互式、持续、实时且同步的现实世界的呈现和模拟。
It provides participants with a fully immersed, interactive, continuous, real-time and synchronized real-world presence and simulation of highly complex systems, such as machines, factories, cities, transport networks.
现有以及正在发展的技术，包括数字孪生、人工智能和机器学习、扩展现实、区块链以及云计算和边缘计算，将成为工业元宇宙的基石。这些技术将融合在一起，在现实世界和数字世界之间创建一个强大的接口，实现协同效应。
Existing and developing technologies, including digital twinges, artificial intelligence and machine learning, extended reality, block chains, and cloud computing and margin computing, will be the cornerstones of the industrial metacosystem. These technologies will be integrated to create a powerful interface between the real and digital worlds and to create synergies.
利用工业元宇宙工具，企业在将实际资源投入项目之前就可以在虚拟环境中进行无限次设计迭代、实时建模、原型化和测试，工业元宇宙将开创一个以数字化方式解决现实世界问题的新时代。
Using an industrial meta-cosm tool, enterprises can undertake infinite design overlaps, real-time modelling, prototypes and tests in a virtual environment before investing actual resources in projects, and the industrial cosmos will usher in a new era of digital solutions to real world problems.
元宇宙在工业领域的应用
工业元宇宙是元宇宙的重要组成部分，是元宇宙关键技术与工业经济创新融合的新型生产制造模式与工业生态，对促进传统产业实现数字化、网络化、智能化具有重要意义。一方面，工业数字化转型背景下，“元宇宙”技术将进一步助推工业生产方式、组织形态、乃至全流程服务发生根本性变革，催生新的商业模式，构筑全新工业生态和智能经济体系，加速推动我国工业产业实现高质量发展。另一方面，元宇宙作为下一代互联网应用的雏形，工业元宇宙技术的发展将撬动信息技术产业新一轮发展，促进5G、区块链、人工智能、芯片等技术及基础设施建设的跃升，加速关键技术革新和应用推广。
On the one hand, in the context of the digitalization of industry, the technology of the meta-cosm, which is an essential component of the meta-cosm, is important for promoting digitalization, networking, and intellectualization of traditional industries. On the other hand, the technology of the meta-cosm will contribute further to fundamental changes in industrial production methods, organizational patterns, and even process services, leading to the creation of new business models, the construction of new industrial ecology and intelligent economic systems, and the acceleration of high-quality industrial development. On the other hand, as a prototype of the next generation of Internet applications, the development of the meta-cosm technology will trigger a new turn in the information technology industry and facilitate technological leapfrogging, such as 5G, block chains, artificial intelligence, chips, etc., and the construction of infrastructure, and accelerate the diffusion of key technological innovations and applications.
新一代信息技术的演进、集成、应用，助力工业元宇宙持续走深向实。目前，工业元宇宙已在多个重要场景发挥功能优势：
The new generation of information technologies has evolved, integrated, and applied, and the assistive industrial meta-cosmos continues to grow. At present, the industrial cosmos has functional advantages in a number of important scenarios:
在研发设计领域，工业元宇宙可在虚拟数字空间中提供设计评估、迭代优化、虚拟验证等应用，实现对产能配置、设备结构、人员动线等参数提前验证，缩短研发设计周期，降低系统实施风险。
In the area of R & D design, applications such as design assessment, iterative optimization and virtual validation can be provided in virtual digital spaces, leading to advance validation of parameters such as capacity configuration, equipment structure, man-lines, etc., shortening the R & D design cycle and reducing the risk of system implementation.
在生产制造领域，工业元宇宙可在虚拟数字空间中提供生产过程监测、数据可视化呈现、安全生产管理、设备模拟诊断等应用，实现透明化管理，提升生产效率，降低整体能耗。
In the area of manufacturing, the industrial meta-cosmos can provide, in virtual digital space, applications such as monitoring of production processes, visualization of data, safe production management, equipment simulation and diagnostics, transparent management, increased productivity and reduced overall energy consumption.
在运维管理领域，工业元宇宙可在虚拟数字空间中提供态势感知、智能巡检、应急指挥等应用，实现对安全生产存在问题的快速响应、故障定位和历史溯源，提升人员、设备等生产要素本质安全水平。
In the area of transport-related management, the industrial universe can provide situational awareness, intelligent inspection, emergency command and other applications in virtual digital space, provide rapid response to safety production problems, fail-positioning and historical traceability, and raise the level of physical safety of factors of production, such as personnel, equipment, etc.
在技能培训领域，工业元宇宙可在虚拟数字空间中提供操作流程指导、设备信息呈现、专家AR教学等应用，实现人才培训实训的沉浸式体验，规避在涉高危、极端环境、不可逆或高成本场景中，课程内容与实践结合难等问题。
In the area of skills training, the industrial universe can provide guidance on operating processes, equipment presentations, specialist AR teaching, etc. in virtual digital spaces, allowing for a immersion experience of hands-on training, avoiding problems of combining course content and practice in high-risk, extreme environmental, irreversible or costly scenarios.
在产品测试领域，工业元宇宙可在虚拟数字空间中提供虚拟漫游评审、人机工效分析、外流场计算等应用，实现多仿真场景并行计算，测试数据自动处理，提高测试效率，降低测试场景搭建成本，提升测试准确度。
In the area of product testing, the industrial meta-cosmos can provide applications such as virtual roaming reviews, human engineering analysis and out-of-the-field computing in virtual digital spaces, enabling parallel computing of simulation scenarios, testing of automatic processing of data, improving test efficiency, reducing test setting costs and increasing test accuracy.
工业元宇宙赋能制造场景，需要全产业链全价值链全要素的全面链接，这与工业互联网的核心逻辑契合。本质上，工业互联网是工业元宇宙的基石，工业元宇宙是工业互联网的高级形态。
In essence, the industrial universe is the cornerstone of the industrial universe, which is the advanced form of the industrial Internet.
工业元宇宙应用方向
Industrial cosmology application direction
1.预测性维护
1. Predictability maintenance
将CAE模型进行降阶，直接部署在边缘设备上，结合相应传感器，实时模拟设备状态，对有可能出现的问题提前预警。西门子推出的xDT（可执行数字孪生）与边缘设备主要针对这类应用，将设备研发CAE模型，应用于制造现场。
The XDTs introduced by Siemens and the peripherals are designed primarily for such applications, and the equipment is developed for use at the manufacturing site.
2.改善设计和工程协同
2. Improved design and engineering synergies
不同部门、不同地点甚至不同行业的团队成员可以借助工业元宇宙技术相互协作，与客户互动，设计新产品，获得实时的深入认识，无须耗费时间、金钱和大量资源，减少差旅。
Team members in different sectors, locations and even industries can interact with their clients through industrial cosmopolitan technology, design new products and gain real-time in-depth knowledge, without time, money and resources, and reduce travel.
3.广泛的测试和验证
3. Extensive testing and validation
通过将超现实的环境与多实体模拟相结合，各行各业可以测试各种不同的场景。相比数字孪生，工业元宇宙具有更广泛的测试和验证场景。同时，通过机器学习和合成数据训练，新产品开发速度也将大大提高。
By combining surreal environments with multi-entity simulations, industries can test different scenarios. The industrial meta-cosm has a wider range of test and validation scenarios than digital twines. At the same time, through machine learning and synthetic data training, new product development will be much faster.
4.虚拟调试
4. Virtual debugging
使用制造系统的虚拟模型建立仿真场景，在不中断生产线的前提下检测和纠正设计和软件研发过程中的早期错误，避免实体资源的消耗。
The use of virtual models of manufacturing systems to create simulation scenarios, detect and correct early errors in design and software development without disrupting production lines, and avoid the depletion of physical resources.
5.增强运营能力
5. Enhancing operational capacity
通过模拟工厂或其他工作场所，团队成员可以在数字世界中收集数据，这些数据可以用于各种人工智能应用，例如虚拟工厂规划、自主机器人运行监控、预测性维护和大数据分析。
By simulating factories or other workplaces, team members can collect data in the digital world that can be used for a variety of artificial intelligence applications, such as virtual factory planning, autonomous robotic operation monitoring, predictive maintenance and big data analysis.
6.服务一线操作者
6. Service front-line operators
有学者认为AR/VR/MR和沉浸式体验仅仅是消费元宇宙需要的元素，但在实践过程中人们发现AR/VR/MR能为一线操作者提供支持，提高他们在现实世界工作效率。
While AR/VR/MR and immersion experience are thought to be only the elements needed to consume the metacosystem, in practice it has been found that AR/VR/MR can support front-line operators and improve their efficiency in the real world.
TeamViewer公司将AR/VR/MR应用于远程专家支持、新员工培训、作业指导书展示、物流配送等领域，节省了差旅成本、人力培训成本，并能使一线操作人员解放双手，提高效率，提高作业质量。
TeamViewer applied AR/VR/MR to remote expert support, training of new staff, presentation of instructions, logistics distribution, etc., resulting in savings in travel costs, manpower training costs and enabling front-line operators to free their hands, improve efficiency and improve the quality of their operations.
美国波音公司在电缆网装配过程中引入TeamViewer公司的AR技术，使用语音与AR眼镜交互，操作者只要报出线缆号，AR眼镜上就会提示在插头中的位置，大大提高了电缆网装配效率和正确率。
The American Boeing company introduced TeamViewer's AR technology in cable network assembly, using voice to interact with AR glasses, where operators simply call out cable numbers, pointing to the position in the plug, and significantly increasing the efficiency and correctness of cable network assembly.
BSH公司在产线虚拟调试中使用VR技术配合可穿戴设备，最多可同时有16名来自全世界各地的工程师在Process Simulate产品中对整条产线进行虚拟调试，同时也提高了仿真设备维护维修的可操作性。这项技术的应用在疫情和后疫情时代为客户节省了大量差旅经费，缩短了项目周期，大大提高了产线设计精确度。
BSH uses VR technology in virtual line-dealing to wear equipment, with a maximum of 16 engineers from all over the world performing virtual calibration of the entire production line in Process Simulate products, while also increasing the operationality of imitation maintenance. The application of this technology has resulted in significant travel savings for clients in the epidemic and post-epidemiology era, shortening the project cycle, and significantly improving product-line design accuracy.
7.AI的深入应用
7. In-depth application of AI
越来越多的AI算法应用于硬件控制，如RTR（real time robotic），基于机器视觉的物料分拣算法等。工业元宇宙在模拟AI算法执行结果的同时，也会将AI算法引入机器代码编制过程中，大幅提升离线编程效率，提高代码质量。
A growing number of AI algorithms are applied to hardware control, such as RTR (real time robotic), machine-based visual material separation algorithms, etc. The industrial metacosystems, while simulating the results of AI algorithms, also introduce AI algorithms into machine code development, significantly improve offline programming efficiency and improve code quality.
8.超写实渲染
8. Overwrite actual rendering
仿真中使用的轻量化仿真模型可转换为USD格式，增加光影、材质的二次处理，实现超写实渲染，可部分替代原型设备或样机的制造。
Light quantitative simulation models used in simulations can be converted to a USD format, with additional photogramming, material secondary processing, overwritten rendering, which partially replaces the manufacture of prototype equipment or prototypes.
文章来源： 中国工业互联网研究院、新型工业化、科闻社
Source: China Institute of Industrial Internet Studies, New Industrialization, Scientific Studies Institute.
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