区块链指信息区块按照一定顺序连接起来的链条
Block chain refers to the chain that the information block connects in a certain order
主要特性
Main characteristics
共识机制。 区块链上一个新区块创造时，机器节点按照公开统之前预设规则对区块信息进行验证确认，当确认通过节点达到预设规则要求时，就达成共识，新区块创造成功。
Consensus mechanisms. When a new block is created on the block chain, mechanical nodes validate block information in accordance with predefined rules prior to publicization, and when nodes are confirmed to meet predefined rule requirements, consensus is reached and new blocks are created successfully.
去中心化。每一个机器节点都保留一份完整的区块链数据，与其他节点完全相同，可以单独按照共识机制验证确认区块数据和链接正确性。
Decentralizes. Each machine node retains a complete block chain data, identical to the other nodes, and can independently verify the validity of the confirmed block data and links according to the consensus mechanism.
身份加密。机器节点身份信息经过算法加密，需要获得数据合法节点的授权，才能访问数据。
Encryption of identity. Machine node identification information is algorithmically encrypted and requires authorization to obtain a valid node of the data in order to access the data.
智能合约。在区块链中预设条件和执行要求，当区块链符合预设条件，就自动按预设要求执行操作。
Smart contract. Pre-conditions and enforcement requirements are set in the block chain. When the block chain meets pre-conditions, the operation is automatically performed in accordance with pre-set requirements.
集中执法数据，保护权威证据。
Centralize law enforcement data and protect authoritative evidence.
海关是我国进出关境监督管理机关，依照海关法和其他有关法律、行政法规，独立公平行使职权，对涉嫌走私或违规的通关行为，依法处理，对构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任，具有法定权威地位；与进出境收发货人、申报单位、运输企业等通关主体不同，在通关监管过程中履行法定职责，不获取商业利益或个人私利，具备执法公平性和公信力。商品进出口通关，要接受海关监管，办理通关手续，经过海关确认，与申报数据相符、符合监管规定，同意放行后，才能提离办结通关手续，彰显海关在通关监管方面具有实际权威地位。监管执法涉及的报关单、《申报清单》、舱单、检查记录等单证数据，都来源于具体法律、法规或规章，客观记录进出境通关行为和监管行为，属于进出境监管执法的权威证据。
Customs is the regulatory authority for entry into and exit from the country, acting independently and fairly, in accordance with customs laws and other relevant laws and administrative regulations, to deal with alleged smuggling or violation of customs regulations, subject to the law, subject to criminal liability and legal authority for acts constituting a crime; in contrast to persons who enter or leave the country, such as the sender and sender, the reporting unit, the transport enterprise, etc., in performing their statutory duties in customs control, without obtaining commercial benefits or personal gain, and with fairness and credibility in the enforcement of laws and regulations. The import and export of goods is subject to customs control, customs clearance procedures are carried out, and customs authorities confirm that they are compatible with the declared data and comply with the regulatory requirements and consent to their release, so as to highlight the practical authority of customs in customs control. Document data relating to the control of customs duties, declarations, declarations lists, cabin manifests, inspection records, etc., etc., are derived from specific laws, regulations or regulations, and are the objective recording of customs clearance and regulatory actions, and evidence of the authority for entry into the control of exit.
海关应立足监管对象变化需要，特别关注跨境电商等新业态发展，及时调整确定执法数据类型、责任主体、来源、内容和格式等要求，通过法律法规予以公布公开，确保执法数据统一规范；通过信息化系统自动记录环节操作，特别是操作主体、时间、结果等关键状态数据，准确完整记录通关监管全流程，能快速还原通关监管历史过程；应集中保管全部执法数据，向全国监管执法人员提供同一数据，实现监管执法数据同源、信息同步、结果一致；应采取国家级别的数据安全保护措施，防范数据被非法修改或入侵篡改，建立可靠快速的数据备份机制，紧急时能迅速切换使用备份数据，确保通关监管信息化系统长期顺利运作。海关将通关监管全部数据集中存储，实施安全可靠保管，主要目的是保护好权威执法证据，为通关监管提供统一可靠完整的基础数据源。
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