什么是区块链技术，区块链技术是什么意思

区块链来源

Block chain source

（1）比特币（Bitcoin）、

(1) Bitcoin,

      比特币是第一个分散数字货币，因为它不依赖中央政府机构，比特币是“稀缺资产”，过“数字挖掘”（挖矿）过程创建。比特币可以用于收集和交易，由于资源有限，仅2013年，在美国交易所，其价值就上升了几百倍。

& nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; Bitcoin is the first decentralized digital currency because it is not dependent on central government institutions, and Bitcoin is a “short asset” created by the “digital mining” process. Bitcoin can be used for collection and trading, and because of limited resources, its value increased several hundredfold on the United States Exchange in 2013 alone.

（2）区块链是为了启用伟新近比特币而创建的。它是一种点对点的电子现金系统，基于密码学原理而不基于信用，使得任何达成一致的双方能够直接进行支付，比特币的交易根本不需要通过银行等第三方中介的参与。如果用此技术进行境外转账，可以节省一够耕大批汇款费用 。

(2) The block chain was created to enable the operation of the Great New Bitcoin. It is a point-to-point electronic cash system, based on cryptography and not on credit, which enables any agreed party to pay directly, and transactions in Bitcoin do not require the involvement of third-party intermediaries, such as banks. If this technology is used to transfer funds abroad, it saves enough money to farm large amounts of remittances.

区块链的技术原理

Technical principles of block chains

（1） 区块链是一种按照时间顺序将数据区块以顺序相连的方式组合成的一 种链式数据结构, 并以密码学方式保证的不可篡改和不可伪造的分布式账本。

(1) The block chain is a chain-based data structure that sequences the data blocks sequentially together, and a non-falseable and non-false distributed account that is guaranteed by cryptography.

 （2）区块链是交易的历史记录，非常像数据库。链中的块相当于一本书中的一页面，书中的每个页面都包含：文字、故事，每个页面都有自己的信息：书名，章节标题，页码等。

The & nbsp;(2) block chain is a historical record of the transaction, very much like a database. The block in the chain corresponds to a page in a book, each of which contains its own message: a title, chapter title, page number, etc.

 （3）在区块链中，每个区块都有：包含关于该块的数据的标题：例如 技术信息，对前一个块的引用，以及包含在该块中的数据的数字指纹（又名“散列”）等等。 这个散列对于排序和块验证非常重要。

& nbsp; (3) In the block chain, each block has a title containing data on the block: e.g. technical information, reference to the previous block, digital fingerprints of the data contained in the block (also known as a “vessel”), which is important for sorting and block validation.

区块链的特点

Features of block chains

    为了实现上述的交易，区块链需要满足去中心化，可回溯性等特点

& nbsp; & nbsp; In order to achieve the above transactions, block chains need to meet decentralised features such as traceability

（1）去中心化 :用户之间用点对点（P2P）的方式交易，地址由参与者本人管理，余额由全局共享的分布式账本进行管理，安全依赖于所有参加者，由大家共同判断某个成员是否值得信任。

(1) Decentralization: transactions between users are conducted by point-to-point (P2P) and addresses are managed by the participants themselves, balances are managed by distributed accounts shared across the board, security is dependent on all participants, and a member is jointly judged as trustworthy.

（2）透明性：数据库中的记录是永久的、按时间顺序排序的，并且对于网络上的所有其他节点都是可以访问的。每个用户都可以看到交易的情况。

(2) Transparency: The records in the database are permanent, chronological, and all other nodes on the network are accessible. Each user can see the transaction.

（3）记录的不可逆性：由于记录彼此关联，一旦在数据库中输入事务并更新了帐户，则不能更改记录。

(3) Irreversibility of records: Since the records are interrelated, the records cannot be changed once the transactions have been entered into the database and the accounts have been updated.

区块链缺点：

Deficiencies in block chains:

（1）不可撤销

(1) Irrevocable

       区块链中，如果误操作，或者丢失密码，损失将无法挽回。

In the & nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; block chain, the loss will be irreversible if it is misoperated or if the password is lost.

（2）私密性

(2) Privacy

   由于区块链是分布式，交易账本必须公开透明，没有隐私可言。

& nbsp; & nbsp; as the block chain is distributed, the transaction book must be open and transparent and there is no privacy.

（3）存储空间

(3) Storage space

    由于需要掌握所有历史记录，交易数量大的时候，性能受影响。

& nbsp; & nbsp; When transactions are large, performance is affected by the need to have all historical records.

（4）延迟性

(4) Delayability

    分布式的特点，需要大家认证，因此，存在交易的延迟。

& nbsp; & nbsp; Distribution features that require authentication and therefore there is a delay in the transaction.

区块链应用

Block Chain Application

    除了比特币，区块链其实有很多应用，主要包括：

& nbsp; & nbsp; Except for Bitcoin, the block chain has a number of applications, mainly:

（1）智能合约：数字化法律; 合同文书，自动执行商业交易和协议

(1) Smart contracts: digital laws; contractual instruments, automatic execution of commercial transactions and agreements

（2）智能资产：贸易融资，供应链，工作流程，丰富的数据

(2) Smart assets: trade finance, supply chains, workflows, rich data

（3）清算和结算：更高的交易准确性和更短的结算流程信宙，短期内赢得真正的成本节省

(3) Liquidation and settlement: higher transaction accuracy and shorter settlement process correspondence with real cost savings in the short term

（4）付款：减少当前框架的弊端，节省时间和成本，加快并简化跨境支付

(4) Payments: reducing current framework weaknesses, saving time and costs, accelerating and simplifying cross-border payments

（5）数字身份：注册身份; 为其他服务重新使用该标识，

(5) Digital identity: registered identity; re-use of the logo for other services,

（6）物联网中的应用：MoIP运行; 机器对机器的通信

(6) Applications in object networking: MoIP running; machine-to-machine communication

总结

Summary

      区块链是一个分布式账本，可以包含金融和/或非金融交易，通过对等网络几乎实时地复制（分布）在多个系统上，每个参与者“拥有”相同的分类帐副本，并在添加任何交易时获得更新，每个参与者都有助于确定所有现有记录的内在“不变性”，使用密码学和数字签名来证明身份，真实性和强制读/写访问权限，有机制使其难以改变历史记录，可以很容易地检测到有人试图改变它。

& nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; Block chain is a distributed account book that can include financial and/or non-financial transactions, which can be replicated (distributed) almost in real time through a reciprocal network over multiple systems, each participant “owns” the same ledger copy and is updated when adding any transaction, each participant helps to determine that all existing records are “non-transformable”, using cryptography and digital signatures to prove identity, authenticity and compulsory reading/writing access, with mechanisms that make it difficult to change historical records, and can easily detect attempts to change it.