“区块链溯源”的价值，不仅是在技术革新方面，更多的是为思维模式和商业模式带来了全新的理念。
The value of “block chain traceability” is not only in terms of technological innovation, but more in terms of bringing new ideas to thinking and business models.
如今，区块链技术对人们的生活已经影响越来越大，变得密不可分。区块链技术独有的去中心化、不可篡改、分布式存储等特点，很好的符合了溯源体系的需求。通过运用大数据、区块链等技术提高商品追溯的准确性。
Today, block chain technology is increasingly affecting people’s lives and becoming inextricably linked. The unique features of block chain technology, such as decentralization, inflexibility, distributional storage, are well suited to the needs of the traceability system.
商品溯源一直是巨头们争夺的区块链技术落地的热门领域。早在2017年，天猫国际就开始启动全球溯源计划，利用区块链技术及大数据跟踪进口商品信息，为每个跨境进口商品用上了“正品溯源”功能。
Commodity traceability has been a popular field of technology in block chains that giants compete for. As early as 2017, Skycat International launched a global traceability program, using block chain technology and big data to track information on imported goods, using the “retrace” function for each cross-border imported commodity.
区块链溯源简单的说，就是利用区块链技术实现产品的全生命周期追踪溯源，了解产品的整个产业链，体现在厂家、消费者、经销商面前，实现沟通桥梁，完成营销活动和数据收集分析工作，确保数据准确性。
The block chain simply goes back to the full life-cycle tracking of products using block chain technology, understanding the entire chain of products in front of manufacturers, consumers and distributors, achieving bridges of communication, completing marketing activities and data collection analysis to ensure data accuracy.
利用区块链独特的不可纂改的分布式账本记录特性，构建底层通讯节点、分布式存储云服务，通过质安链来解决企业在商品原材料采购、生产、仓储、流转、分销、门店、终端消费过程中的信息溯源，防伪验真，互动营销难题，为品牌企业和消费者解决“可信任”难题，并由此构建一个全新的安猫区块链生态系统，让流通商品的质量安全在阳光下运行。
Using the unique and non-modifiable feature of distributed book recording of block chains, the construction of bottom communication nodes, distributed cloud storage services, the resolution of the back-to-back sources of information of enterprises in the procurement, production, warehousing, flow, distribution, door shop, end-use consumption of commodity raw materials, the prevention of forgery, the challenge of interactive marketing, the resolution of “trustable” problems for branding enterprises and consumers, and the resulting construction of a brand-new installation chain ecosystem that allows the quality of circulating commodities to operate safely in the sun.
溯源是区块链商业应用认知率最高的领域，为食品安全带来巨大希望，但这条路，其实走的并不平坦。
区块链食品溯源的初步落地
initial landing of food back from the block chain
2018年在新加坡成立的Wine Chain，是全球首个基于区块链和物联网技术的红酒公有链去中心化溯源追溯体系。借助区块链技术进行红酒产品溯源，每瓶葡萄酒都有一个“身份证”，证上包含各红酒的生产原料名称、原料批次、成品批次、所有包装箱及每个箱内对应的酒瓶ID 号等信息，并且人人都能查看到。
Wine Chain, founded in Singapore in 2018, is the world's first global system of retraced red wine public chains based on block-chain and item-networked technologies. The block-chain technology is used to trace red wine products, each bottle of wine with an “identity card” containing information such as the name of the raw material for each wine production, the batch of raw materials, the batch of finished products, all boxes and the corresponding bottle ID in each box, and is accessible to everyone.
相比于过去，商品溯源领域也曾采用过的各种防伪技术，乃至新的互联网技术、人工智能等，或者是通过严格的法律法规进行管理和规范，可结果却总是不尽人意。
Compared to the past, various anti-false techniques have been used in the area of commodity traceability, including new Internet technologies, artificial intelligence etc., or regulated and regulated through strict laws and regulations, the results have always been unsatisfactory.
运用区块链技术的溯源，通过对物流管理、商品防伪、商品溯源、制造管理等领域的深度结合，增加了商品的可追溯性、安全性的性能。
The application of block chain technologies has increased the traceability, safety and performance of commodities through a profound combination of areas such as logistics management, commodity forgery, commodity traceability and manufacturing management.
区块链溯源存在的软肋
Fragmentation from the chain of blocks
按照上述的区块链溯源技术理念，如果人们身边的食品都有各自的身份ID，那么就都能轻易追本溯源，大幅减少诸如假鸡蛋，假瘦肉、假酒……等商品带来的，频频被推上风口浪尖的“食品安全”问题。这不论是对于消费者、生产商还是监管层来说，都是极好的。但是实际情况：溯源是区块链技术诸多应用场景中较难的一个。
According to the above-mentioned technical concept of block chain traceability, if people have their own IDs around them, they can easily trace it and significantly reduce the “food safety” problems caused by commodities such as fake eggs, fake skinny meat, fake wine, which are often pushed to the top of their mouths. This is excellent for consumers, producers, and regulators alike. But the reality is that traceability is one of the more difficult applications of block chain technology.
业内人士表示：基于区块链技术的防伪溯源有个疑虑，就是链上的某个厂商如果上传的就是假信息，那么溯源就失去了它的意义。
According to industry sources, there is some doubt about the traceability of block chain-based technologies, that if a manufacturer in the chain uploads false information, it loses its meaning.
具体方面他这样解释：
In particular, he explained:
其一，基于区块链的食品追溯系统，只管理生产、流通和消费的行为，以及对这些行为和时间节点进行认证和追溯。但这并不能保障肉蔬本身的真伪和品质问题，这些工作还应交由配套的快速抽检体系来完成；
First, the sector-based food traceability system, which regulates production, circulation and consumption only, as well as the certification and traceability of these acts and time nodes, does not guarantee the authenticity and quality of the meat and vegetables themselves, and should be subject to an accompanying fast-tracking system;
其二，打造智慧食药监平台采用的是“全程追溯、全域追溯”的管理理念，是基于城际管理边界来实现的，并不能保障全行业，或者是全国范围内的追溯。
Second, the creation of the Smart Pharmacy Monitoring Platform uses a management concept of “a full-scale, global retrospective”, based on inter-city border management, which does not guarantee industry-wide or national traceability.
其三，不能只基于区块链技术，还要结合人工智能视觉技术，以及大数据采集分析技术，以便构建完整的追溯能力。
Third, it should not be based solely on block chain technology, but also on the combination of artificial intelligence visual technology and large data collection and analysis technology in order to build a complete traceability capability.
比较典型的例子就是阳澄湖大闸蟹这一类和溯源地高度相关的商品。网上多次披露阳澄湖大闸蟹连产地证书都可以进行造假，更有调查数据显示网友们买的阳澄湖大闸蟹，真正产自阳澄湖不到20%。再例如：消费者在超市买到的猪肉，扫下二维码，就能够追溯商品供应源头、产品检测报告等详细信息。但在很多时候，该源头地址可能仅到某一个村镇的加工厂，且无法保障送往该加工厂但所有猪肉都是安全的。
A typical example is that of a commodity with a high degree of traceability, such as the Lake Solver gate crab. The Internet has repeatedly revealed that the Lake Solver gate can be faked by a certificate of ownership, with even more investigative data showing that less than 20% of the lake's crabs are actually produced. And, for example, the pork that consumers buy in supermarkets, sweep down two-dimensional codes, and can trace detailed information about the origin of the commodity supply, product testing reports, etc. But in many cases, the source address may reach only a processing plant in a village or town, and there is no guarantee that it will be delivered to the plant, but all pork is safe.
究其根源，溯源链条上的关键主体——监管者、生产者和消费者，这三者并不能统一管理和打通信息，就造成当前溯源管理领域普遍出现不可用、不可信的现状。
At its root, the lack of uniformity in the management of and access to information among key players in the traceability chain — regulators, producers and consumers — has contributed to the prevailing unworkable and untrustworthy situation in the field of traceability management.
区块链溯源的突破口在何处？
Where's the retrospective breakthrough in the block chain at 所以，目前区块链技术实现真正意义上的溯源，并不容易！那么该如何理解区块链溯源真正的价值？ So it is not easy for the current block chain technology to achieve real traceability in the sense of the word! How then should the true value of the block chain be understood? 区块链与其说是在技术上进行革新，不如说是在思想模式和商业模式上带来了全新的理念。区块链是通过技术的使用转变了管理思想，用较低成本来实现过去零散的技术手段不能达到的效果，从全局的角度对全链的跨度进行统一管理。 Block chains, rather than technological innovations, bring new ideas to ideas and business models. They transform management thinking through the use of technology, using lower costs to achieve what was not possible with the technical tools that were scattered in the past, and manage the entire chain in a holistic manner. “最为重要的是，区块链对整个溯源链条上的各种参与主体，真正实现了从被动监管向主动的信用监管的升级和转变，这才是区块链技术给行业带来的真正颠覆。”梁学东进一步说明。构建监管领域和商业领域的信用机制，才是最为经济和最为有效的管理机制。 “Most importantly, the chain of blocks represents a real upgrading and transformation from passive regulation to active credit regulation, which is the real disruption to the industry caused by block chain technology.” Leung Xiaodong further explains. Building credit mechanisms in the regulatory and commercial spheres is the most economical and efficient regulatory mechanism. 当前中国社会正在进入信用社会的管理阶段，所以在溯源领域应用区块链进行信用监管势在必行。 Currently, Chinese society is entering the credit society's management phase, so the use of block chains for credit regulation in the area of traceability is imperative. 同时行业必须要承认的一点是：区块链只能解决电子数据层面的溯源和信任机制的构建，并不能保障物理世界物品的身份确认问题。比如：在存在巨大信任危机的钻石珠宝行业，其商品溯源，必须是产业链上各方参与，从矿区、工厂、珠宝加工商、再到珠宝鉴定机构、门店等在链上全程登记和信息共享。同时，也必须是区块链技术和人工智能技术，以及物联网技术等的综合应用。 At the same time, industry must recognize that block chains can only solve the problem of electronic data-level traceability and the construction of trust mechanisms, and do not guarantee the identification of physical world goods. For example, in the diamond jewellery industry, where there is a huge confidence crisis, commodity traceability must involve all parties in the industrial chain, from mining sites, factories, jewellery processors, jewellery identification agencies, door-to-doors, etc., to record and share information throughout the chain. 下一步，区块链溯源将挑战的能力边界。 The next step would be to trace the boundary of capability that would be challenged by the chain of blocks. 而谈及技术，虽然区块链技术在2019年快速获得国家高层和社会各界的高度重视，但正是这个时候，就更得清晰地认识区块链技术的能力边界。 With regard to technology, while block chain technology quickly gained high priority at the top of the State and in all sectors of society in 2019, it was at this point that a clearer understanding of the capability boundaries of block chain technology was achieved. 区块链技术有以下空间有待突破： The block chain technology has the following areas to be broken: 其一，整个区块链的架构建设要从理念和实际算法上保障数据的安全性和稳定性，通俗地说就是数据要稳健。 First, the structure of the entire block chain should guarantee the security and stability of the data, both conceptually and physically, generally speaking, and robustly. 其二，区块链的计算效率，如“每秒交易处理量”依然需要提高，否则无法满足应用场景的需求。 Second, the computing efficiency of the block chain, such as the “trading volume per second” still needs to be improved, otherwise it cannot meet the needs of the application scenario. 其三，需要“跨链技术”的突破，从而能从更广泛的领域支持区块链数据的共享和互换，打破行业链的边界，支持社会化的信用体系建设。 Thirdly, “cross-chain technology” breakthroughs are needed to support the sharing and interchange of block-chain data in a broader range of areas, break the boundaries of the industry chain and support the construction of a socialized credit system. 对于溯源领域本身，梁学东强调：在未来的万物互联世界中，终究要先解决万物本身的数据互联问题，在此基础上区块链才能发挥其真正的强大威力。 With regard to the area of traceability itself, Tung Liang stressed that in the future, in a world where everything is interconnected, the problem of data interconnection of everything itself must be resolved before the chain of blocks can be truly powerful. “我们有对于新技术推广实用的动力，也有弯道超车的信心，所以我相信未来我国的区块链溯源领域一定会百花齐放。”梁学东说。 “We have the incentive to promote new technologies and the confidence to go beyond the curve, so I believe that the future of our country's area of traceability will be full of flowers.” The Liang doctrine.
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