中国人民银行数字货币研究所（下称“央行数研所”）区块链课题组日前在《中国金融》撰文指出，区块链凭借其独有的信任传递机制，有助于业务数据可信共享，加速参与主体多方协作，实现监管穿透管理。蕴含着加速我国数字化转型、激发数字经济发展的潜力。区块链技术具有业务数据可信化、参与主体对等化以及监管手段多维化等优势，但同时也存在一些不足，需要引导区块链产业健康有序发展。要务实推进，不能为了区块链而搞形象工程。对任何先进技术的作用，要相信但不迷信。正确认识区块链技术的适用场景，不是所有的项目都需要区块链，也不是所有的数据都需要上链。
该文指出，区块链以大量冗余数据的同步存储和共同计算为代价，牺牲了系统处理效能和客户的部分隐私，尚不适合传统零售支付等高并发场景；但是，在对信息可信共享要求较高、对并发量要求较低的领域，例如交易结算、贸易金融、产权转让等，区块链已经有广泛应用。
It was noted that block chains, at the expense of system processing efficiency and some customer privacy at the expense of simultaneous storage and co-calculation of large amounts of redundant data, were not yet suitable for such high-sum scenarios as traditional retail payments; however, they were already widely used in areas where credible sharing of information was more demanding and less demanding, such as trade settlements, trade finance, property transfer, etc.
不是所有项目都需要区块链
近几年，区块链凭借其独有的信任传递机制，逐渐成为金融科技领域的热门技术。中共中央政治局去年10月就区块链技术发展现状和趋势进行第十八次集体学习，强调把区块链作为核心技术自主创新重要突破口。
In recent years, the block chain has become a popular technology in financial science and technology, thanks to its unique trust transfer mechanism. In October last year, the Central Political Office of the Communist Party of China conducted its eighteenth collective study on the state and trends of technological development in the block chain, emphasizing that the block chain is an important entry point for core technological autonomy innovation.
在这篇名为“区块链技术的发展与管理”的文章中，央行数研所表示，区块链技术具有业务数据可信化、参与主体对等化以及监管手段多维化等主要优势，但同时存在性能和可扩展性尚有限、缺乏体系化安全防护、全量备份的存储机制容易遇到存储瓶颈、不同区块链系统的交互性问题难以解决等不足。
In this article entitled “Development and management of block chain technology”, the Central Bank Institute of Research and Research stated that block chain technology has major advantages, such as the reliability of business data, the equalization of participants and the multidimensionalization of regulatory tools, but at the same time it has limited performance and scalability, lack of systemized security, the vulnerability of storage mechanisms to storage bottlenecks for full backup, and the difficulty of resolving the interactivity of different block chain systems.
该文指出，应引导区块链产业健康有序发展。要去伪存真，“币”和“链”不能混为一谈。虽然区块链发端于比特币，但区块链并不等同于比特币。区块链是密码学、对等网络、共识机制等多种传统技术的集成创新，要客观理性对待。为坚决打赢三大攻坚战，要对打着区块链幌子进行非法集资、诈骗等违法行为保持高压态势，加快市场的优胜劣汰和激浊扬清。
The chain of blocks is a combination of innovations in traditional technologies, such as cryptology, peer-to-peer networks, consensus mechanisms, and the need to be objective and rational. In order to win the three major battles resolutely, it is necessary to maintain a high level of pressure on illegal fund-raising, fraud, etc., that is, to act under the guise of a block chain, to speed up the market’s successes and evaporations.
该文还指出，要务实推进，不能为了区块链而搞形象工程。对任何先进技术的作用，要相信但不迷信。正确认识区块链技术的适用场景，不是所有的项目都需要区块链，也不是所有的数据都需要上链。现阶段，区块链技术仍不成熟，面临性能、安全、标准、合规等多方面挑战，各方应冷静思考、潜心探索，切实利用区块链化解行业痛点，深度服务实体经济。
At this stage, block chain technology is still immature and faces multiple challenges, such as performance, safety, standards, compliance, etc. The parties should think calmly, explore carefully, use the block chain effectively to address industrial pains and the deep-service real economy.
“链上链下账实相符”是关注焦点
该文指出，要立足长远，认识到区块链技术应用的系统性、长期性和复杂性特征。目前，区块链能否做到链上链下账实相符、安全合规是行业关注的焦点。参与各方应综合考虑市场发展、风险管控、法律合规等多个维度的要求，实现链上链下联动、技术业务结合、创新与管理并重，以充分发挥“区块链+”的数字赋能潜力。
The paper states that, in the long term, it is important to recognize the systemic, long-term and complex characteristics of block chain technology applications. At present, the ability of block chains to match up the chain and secure compliance is the focus of industry attention. The participants should take into account the multiple dimensions of market development, risk management, legal compliance, etc., so as to realize the full digital potential of the “block chain plus” by combining linkages, technical business integration, innovation and management.
有业内人士此前在接受记者采访时表示，数据只有在上链之后，区块链才能保证数据的真实性，但上链之前的源头信息的真伪目前无法控制。目前大量区块链信息在上链之前的真实性还需来源于可信的、中心化的第三方中介的验证，普遍性的信息真实性问题未能解决。这也是目前区块链数据真实性管控难点。
In previous interviews with journalists, practitioners said that data can only be authenticated if they are above the chain, but the authenticity of the information from the source before the chain is currently beyond control. The authenticity of much of the information before the chain now needs to be verified by a credible, centralized third-party broker, and the question of the authenticity of universal information remains unresolved.
该文也指出，要标准先行，引导区块链产业规范有序发展。充分借鉴互联网金融风险专项整治中的经验教训，避免“先污染后治理”，特别是要关注外部性风险可能对金融安全产生的影响。制定技术标准和业务规范，可提升我国在金融区块链领域的国际话语权和规则制定权，有利于厘清区块链的“是与非”和“真伪应用”，有利于维护市场秩序和金融稳定，促进行业健康有序发展。
The text also states that standards are to be advanced, leading to the orderly development of the sector’s industry. Drawing on the lessons learned from the Internet’s special approach to financial risk management, it is important to avoid “pollution before management” and, in particular, to pay attention to the impact that external risks may have on financial security. The development of technical standards and operational norms would enhance our country’s international voice and rule-making authority in the area of financial block chains and would help to clarify the “no” and “false applications” of the sector’s chains and contribute to the maintenance of market order and financial stability, as well as to the orderly development of the industry’s health.
央行探索创新取得积极进展
“区块链以大量冗余数据的同步存储和共同计算为代价，牺牲了系统处理效能和客户的部分隐私，尚不适合传统零售支付等高并发场景；但是，在对信息可信共享要求较高、对并发量要求较低的领域，例如交易结算、贸易金融、产权转让等，区块链已经有广泛应用。”该文指出。
“The block chain, at the expense of system processing efficiency and some of the customer's privacy at the expense of the simultaneous storage and co-calculation of a large amount of redundant data, is not yet suitable for such high-committal scenarios as traditional retail payments; however, the block chain is already widely used in areas where credible sharing of information is more demanding and less demanding, such as transaction settlement, trade finance, transfer of title, etc.” It is noted.
该文也指出，央行数研所以区块链作为技术自主创新重要突破口，从2014年开始研究法定数字货币，积极推动区块链标准化研究，探索区块链在交易结算、贸易金融等领域的金融创新，抢占先发优势，取得了积极进展。
The paper also notes that central banks have studied block chains as important breakthroughs in technological autonomy, starting in 2014 with the study of statutory digital currencies, actively promoting studies on the standardization of block chains, exploring financial innovations in the areas of transaction settlement, trade finance, etc., and pre-empting positive developments.
一是牵头制定金融分布式账本行业标准。数研所已牵头编制金融分布式账本安全规范等多项金融行业标准，并积极参与国际清算银行（BIS）、金融稳定理事会（FSB）等国际金融标准制定组织的相关规则制定工作，也参与了国际标准化组织（ISO）和国际电信联盟（ITU）等区块链标准研制。目前，人民银行已申请了多项区块链专利，居全球央行首位。
The Institute has taken the lead in developing standards for the financial sector, including safety codes for financial distribution books, and has been actively involved in the development of rules for international financial standard-setting organizations, such as the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the Financial Stability Council (FSB), and in the development of sector-chain standards, such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). At present, the People’s Bank has applied for multiple block chain patents, which are at the top of the global central bank.
二是建设人民银行贸易金融区块链平台。该平台于2018年9月4日在深圳试点成功上线，陆续开展了供应链应收账款多级融资、对外支付税务备案表、再贴现快速通道和国际贸易账款监管四项业务。通过与香港金管局的贸易联动平台签订合作备忘录，人民银行贸易金融区块链平台开启了国际化对接，未来将联合境外同类贸金平台，共同构建生态化体系。截至2019年12月17日，参与该平台推广应用的银行达38家，业务量超过870亿元。
By signing a memorandum of cooperation with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority’s Trade Links Platform, the People’s Bank’s Trade and Financial Blocks Platform has opened an international interface with a future alliance of offshore gold platforms to build eco-systems. As of 17 December 2019, 38 banks had been involved in the platform’s promotion, with a volume of more than 87 billion yuan.
三是搭建数字票据交易平台。2017年，上海票交所和数研所共同牵头开展了建设基于区块链技术的数字票据交易平台的相关工作。该平台于2018年1月25日成功在实验性生产系统上线试运行，顺利完成基于区块链技术的数字票据签发、承兑、贴现和转贴现业务，是我国将区块链技术运用到票据业务真实生产环境的首次实践。
In 2017, the Shanghai Chamber and the Institute jointly led the construction of a digital paper trading platform based on block-chain technology. The platform was successfully piloted on 25 January 2018 in an experimental production system and successfully completed digital document issuance, acceptance, discount and discount operations based on block-chain technology, which was the first practice in the country to apply block-chain technology to the real production environment of paper operations.
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