比特币挖矿是什么？

如果你对比特币有所了解，那么你可能也听说过比特币挖矿。比特币挖矿是获得比特币的最早方式之一。尽管如今有多种途径可以获得比特币，但比特币挖矿依然是其中最重要的方法之一。那么，比特币挖矿到底是什么？它的原理是什么？又有哪些设备用于挖矿呢？

If you know bitcoin, you may have heard of bitcoin digging. Bitcoin digging is one of the first ways to get bitcoin. Although there are many ways to get bitcoin today, bitcoin mining is still one of the most important of them. So what is bitcoin digging? What is it?

比特币挖矿是一个形象的说法，它类似于黄金挖矿。黄金是通过开采金矿获得的，而比特币则是通过解开复杂的数学问题从区块链网络中“挖”出来的。这些数学问题需要大量的计算能力来解决，参与解题的人被称为“矿工”。在解决问题后，矿工们会得到比特币作为奖励。

Bitcoin mining is an image, similar to gold mining. Gold is obtained through gold mining, while bitcoin is “draw” out of the block chain network by unbundling complex mathematical problems. These mathematical problems require a lot of computing power, and those involved in the solution are called “miners.” After solving the problem, miners are rewarded with bitcoin.

比特币被称为“数字黄金”，因为它的总量和黄金一样有限，而且挖掘难度随着时间推移不断增加。最早期的矿工可以用普通电脑来挖矿，但随着挖矿难度的增加，专业的挖矿设备应运而生。

Bitcoin is referred to as “digital gold” because it is as limited as gold, and the difficulty of digging is increasing over time. The earliest miners can use ordinary computers to dig for mining, but with the difficulty of digging for mining, specialized mining equipment should be brought in.

比特币系统由用户、交易和矿工组成。用户通过密钥控制钱包，交易被广播到整个比特币网络，而矿工通过竞争计算生成共识的区块链。区块链是一个分布式的公共账本，记录了比特币网络中的所有交易。

The Bitcoin system consists of users, traders, and miners. Users control wallets by key, transactions are broadcast to the entire Bitcoin network, and miners compute consensual block chains.

矿工通过解决“工作量证明”机制的问题来管理比特币网络，确认交易并防止双重支付。工作量证明是一种计算难题，矿工需要进行大量尝试才能找到合适的解。当一个矿工找到正确的解时，它会将结果广播到整个网络，其他矿工验证后接受这个数据块。这个过程不仅确保了交易的安全性和不可逆性，还使得比特币网络保持去中心化的特点。

The miners manage the Bitcoin network, confirming transactions and preventing double payments by addressing the problems of the Workload Certification mechanism. Workloads prove to be a problem of calculation, and miners need to make a lot of attempts to find a proper solution. When a miner finds the correct solution, it will broadcast the results to the entire network, and the other miners will accept the data block when they verify it. This process not only ensures the safety and irreversibility of the transaction, but also allows the Bitcoin network to remain decentralized.

比特币挖矿需要高性能的硬件设备，目前主要有以下几种矿机：

Bitcoin mining requires high-performance hardware equipment and currently consists mainly of the following types of mining machines:

ASIC矿机使用专门设计的ASIC芯片进行挖矿。ASIC芯片是为特定用途设计的，针对比特币挖矿，ASIC芯片只执行SHA-256算法。这种专用芯片在算力和能效上远超通用的计算机CPU和GPU，因此ASIC矿机成为当前比特币挖矿的主力设备。

The ASIC chip is designed for specific purposes, for bitcoin mining, and the ASIC chip only implements the SHA-256 algorithm. This special chip is a computer CPU and GPU, which are far more common in computing and energy efficiency, and thus the ASC miner is currently the backbone of Bitcoin mining.

GPU矿机使用显卡进行挖矿。显卡因其强大的并行计算能力，被用于挖掘包括以太坊在内的多种加密货币。尽管在比特币挖矿中，GPU矿机的效率不如ASIC矿机，但在一些采用不同算法的数字货币挖矿中，GPU矿机依然占据重要地位。

The GPU miner uses a visible card for mining. The card, because of its powerful parallel computing capability, is used to excavate a variety of encrypted currencies, including the Etherm.

FPGA矿机使用可编程逻辑阵列芯片（FPGA）进行挖矿。FPGA芯片可以通过编程来改变其功能，使其能够支持多种算法。尽管FPGA矿机的挖矿效率不及ASIC矿机，但其灵活性使其在某些特定场景下仍有应用。

The FPGA miner uses programmable logical array chips (FPGAs) for mining. The FPGA chip can be programmed to change its functionality to enable it to support multiple algorithms. Although the FPGA miner is less efficient in mining than the ASIC miner, its flexibility makes it work in certain specific contexts.

IPFS矿机用于运行IPFS协议，这是一个去中心化的文件存储和共享网络。IPFS矿机通过提供存储空间和带宽来获得filecoin奖励。与传统比特币矿机不同，IPFS矿机注重存储和网络性能，因此通常配备大容量硬盘和高速网卡。

The IPFS miner is used to run the IPFS protocol, which is a decentralised file storage and sharing network. The IPFS miner obtains a filecoin reward by providing storage space and bandwidth. Unlike the traditional bitcoin miner, the IPFS miner focuses on storage and network performance, and is therefore usually equipped with large-capacity hard disks and high-speed web cards.

比特币挖矿不仅需要高性能的硬件设备，还需要大量的电力资源。随着比特币价格的上涨，全球范围内的矿工投入了越来越多的资源来争夺新的比特币，这导致了能源消耗和环境影响的问题。

Bitcoin mining requires not only high-performance hardware equipment, but also large amounts of electricity. With the price of bitcoin rising, miners around the world have invested more and more resources in competing for new bitcoins, leading to problems of energy consumption and environmental impact.

为了应对这些挑战，未来的比特币挖矿可能会更多地依赖可再生能源和更高效的硬件设备。此外，比特币社区也在不断探索新的共识机制，如权益证明（PoS）等，以期减少能源消耗。

In order to address these challenges, future bitcoin mining may rely more on renewable energy and more efficient hardware. In addition, the Bitcoin community is constantly exploring new consensus mechanisms, such as proof of interest (PoS), to reduce energy consumption.

比特币挖矿是一种复杂且资源密集型的过程，它不仅需要高性能的硬件设备，还需要大量的电力资源。尽管如此，挖矿依然是比特币网络安全和去中心化的重要保障。随着技术的发展和能源问题的解决，比特币挖矿的未来依然充满希望。通过不断优化硬件设备和挖矿方式，我们可以在保证比特币网络安全的同时，减少对环境的影响。

Bitcoin mining is a complex and resource-intensive process that requires not only high-performance hardware equipment, but also large amounts of electricity. Nevertheless, mining remains an important guarantee of Bitcoin network security and decentralisation.