虚拟货币及ICO屡现风险。今年6月，韩国最大虚拟货币交易平台Bithumb遭黑客入侵，约350亿韩元(约合人民币2.04亿元)资产被盗。图/视觉中国
国内88家虚拟货币交易平台和85家ICO平台完全实现无风险退出
88 virtual currency trading platforms and 85 ICO platforms in the country fully achieved risk-free exits
新京报讯 （记者宓迪）据外媒报道，在过去几个月中，美国证券交易委员会（SEC）加大了对某些ICO产品的打击力度。
According to the foreign media, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has stepped up its fight against certain ICO products in the past few months.
报道称，SEC传唤了很多初创公司，尤其是那些不能够确保他们仅将其代币出售给受认可的投资者的机构。许多初创公司并不符合SEC的要求。作为回应，数十家公司已经悄悄同意退还投资者资金并支付罚款。报道指出，SEC对ICO的评估是逐项评判的。
In response, dozens of companies have quietly agreed to return investors’ funds and pay fines. According to reports, the SEC’s assessment of the ICO is case-by-case.
ICO及代币相应风险早先已引起国内关注。有法律人士在接受记者采访时表示，无论是比特币还是其他各种代币，可能引起严重的消费者保护的问题。此外，虚拟货币还存在洗钱和恐怖融资、市场波动巨大等风险。
In interviews with journalists, lawmakers have suggested that both bitcoins and other forms of currency may cause serious consumer-protection problems. In addition, virtual currency risks such as money-laundering and terrorist financing, and high market volatility.
为维护金融稳定，去年开始，国家互联网金融风险专项整治工作领导小组已果断决策出手清理整顿ICO和虚拟货币交易场所，人民银行等七部委及时发布了《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》。
In order to maintain financial stability, the National Task Force on Financial Risk Control in the Internet has taken a decisive decision last year to clean up the ICO and virtual currency trading sites, and seven ministries, including the People's Bank, have issued a timely bulletin on the prevention of the risk of financing the issuance of money in currencies.
经过清理整顿，境内虚拟货币交易的全球份额已从最初的90%以上下降至不足5%，有效避免了去年下半年以来全球虚拟货币价格暴涨暴跌导致的虚拟货币泡沫，阻隔了对我国金融市场的冲击。
After clean-up, the global share of domestic virtual currency transactions has fallen from more than 90 per cent initially to less than 5 per cent, effectively avoiding the virtual currency bubble resulting from the surge in global virtual currency prices since the second half of last year and blocking the impact on our financial markets.
其中《公告》明确，代币发行融资是指融资主体通过代币的违规发售、流通，向投资者筹集比特币、以太币等所谓“虚拟货币”，本质上是一种未经批准非法公开融资的行为，涉嫌非法发售代币票券、非法发行证券以及非法集资、金融诈骗、传销等违法犯罪活动。
Among them, the Proclamation makes it clear that the financing of the issue of money in exchange means the collection of so-called & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & from the investors by means of illegal sales and circulation of money in the form of illegal sales of money coupons, illegal issuance of securities, illegal collection of funds, financial fraud, distribution, etc.
此外，前期清理整顿境内虚拟货币交易场所和ICO活动取得初步成效，各地搜排出的国内88家虚拟货币交易平台和85家ICO平台完全实现无风险退出。
In addition, the clean-up of virtual currency trading sites and ICO activities in the country in the period ahead has yielded initial results, with 88 virtual currency trading platforms and 85 ICO platforms located in the country located in various locations achieving full risk-free exits.
自去年以来，人民银行、中国互联网金融协会方面多次就相应风险对公众进行提示。
Since last year, the People's Bank and the China Internet Finance Association have repeatedly alerted the public about the corresponding risks.
今年9月，央行上海总部公告亦提醒，广大消费者和投资者应增强风险防范意识，不要盲目跟风炒作，如发现各类ICO变种形态以及通过部署境外服务器继续面向境内居民开展ICO及虚拟货币交易业务的组织或个人，可向有关监管部门举报，对其中涉嫌违法犯罪的，可向公安机关报案。
In September of this year, the Central Bank's Shanghai headquarters communiqué also warned that consumers and investors in general should be more aware of risk prevention and should not go blind. For example, organizations or individuals who discover different ICO variants and who continue to conduct ICO and virtual currency transactions with residents in the country through the deployment of overseas servers can report them to the relevant regulatory authorities, and that suspected offences can be reported to the public security authorities.
■ 延展
虚拟币监管重点是什么？
What's the focus of virtual currency regulation?
记者梳理此前公开信息发现，面对互联网时代隐蔽又多变的非法金融活动，监管部门亦加强了针对性的措施：
Journalists collating previously published information have found that, in the face of hidden and volatile illegal financial activities in the Internet age, the regulatory authorities have also stepped up targeted measures:
一是对124家服务器设在境外，但实质面向境内居民提供交易服务的虚拟货币交易平台网站采取必要管控措施，下一步将加强监测，实时封堵。
One is the virtual money-trading platform website, where 124 servers are located outside the country, but which provides substantial trade services to residents in the country. The next step will be to strengthen monitoring and block them in real time.
二是加强对新摸排的境内ICO及虚拟货币交易相关网站、公众号等处置。对于定期摸排发现的境内ICO及虚拟货币交易场所网站、公众号，以及为上述活动提供支持和服务的公众号、自媒体及网站，及时予以关闭和查封。
Second is to strengthen the handling of sites related to domestic ICO and virtual currency transactions, public numbering, etc., which are regularly located in the country, as well as public numbering, self-media and websites that provide support and services for the above-mentioned activities.
三是从支付结算端入手持续加强清理整顿力度。指导相关支付机构加强支付渠道管理、客户识别和风险提示，建立监测排查机制，停止为可疑交易提供支付服务。
The third is the continuous enhancement of the clean-up at the end of the payment settlement. The relevant payment agencies are directed to strengthen the management of payment channels, client identification and risk alerts, establish mechanisms for monitoring check-ups, and cease the provision of payment services for suspicious transactions.
■ 链接
中国ICO监管大事记
Chinese ICO Supervisory Point
2017年9月4日，央行等七部委联合公告叫停代币发行（ICO），清理整顿ICO平台并组织清退ICO代币。
On 4 September 2017, the Central Bank and seven other ministries issued a joint announcement calling for the issuance of de-alerting (ICO), the clean-up of the ICO platform and the organization of the de-refund of ICO.
2017年9月15日，北京监管机构宣布关停比特币等虚拟货币交易所。
On 15 September 2017, the regulatory body in Beijing announced the closure of virtual currency exchanges such as Bitcoin.
2018年1月12日，中国互联网金融协会公告，提示消费者、投资人防范变相ICO。
On 12 January 2018, the China Internet Finance Association (CIFA) issued an announcement alerting consumers and investors to protect themselves against a disguised ICO.
2018年1月26日，中国互联网金融协会发文，提示境外ICO与“虚拟货币”交易风险。
On 26 January 2018, the China Internet Finance Association sent a communication alerting ICO and &ldquo abroad; virtual currency & rdquo; transactional risks.
2018年4月23日，央行相关负责人介绍，目前，全国摸排出的ICO平台和比特币等虚拟货币交易场所已基本实现无风险退出。
On 23 April 2018, the relevant head of the Central Bank introduced the fact that virtual currency trading sites such as the national ICO platform and Bitcoin are now largely risk-free.
2018年8月21日晚间，多家区块链自媒体微信公众号无法访问。
During the evening of 21 August 2018, multiple block chains were not accessible from the Media MicroCity.
2018年8月24日，银保监会、央行等发布《关于防范以“虚拟货币”“区块链”名义进行非法集资的风险提示》 。
On August 24, 2018, the Silver Insurance Supervisory Board, the Central Bank, etc. issued Risk Notices on Protection against Illegal Financing by “ Virtual Currency & & & rdquao; & & & & ldquao; Block Chain & rdquao; nominally.
（整理自公开报道）
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