作为家庭经济唯一的支柱，朱晓磊虽然没有正式职业，但奇怪的是，自2019年6月开始，朱晓磊每月的微信和支付宝收入多达上万元至十多万元……
As the sole pillar of the family economy, Chu Xiaojun, although not formally employed, is curious that since June 2019, Chu Xiaoqiao's monthly income from micro-letters and payment treasures has ranged from tens of thousands of yuan to more than 100,000 yuan...
进入庞大隐秘的“暗网”
enters the vast hidden "black net"
这些收入从何而来？妻子白文华文化程度虽不高，但也隐隐知道与一个名叫“暗网”的东西有关。因为朱晓磊并不常出门干活，而是长期摆弄家里一台他自己组装的台式电脑和几部手机。基于朱晓磊学过几年的计算机知识，这不仅是他的“立身之本”，也是一家三口的所有日常收入来源。
Where does this come from? His wife, although not well-educated, knows implicitly that it has something to do with what is called a “black net.” Because Zhu Xiaojin does not often go out to work, he uses a computer and cell phones that he himself has assembled for a long time.
事情源于2019年初，朱晓磊在百度贴吧浏览了一个关于“暗网”的交易信息的照片。通过大量搜索，朱晓磊了解到“暗网”需要特殊的服务器，使用专用的浏览器并通过翻墙才能进去。在“暗网”里可以买到生活中和互联网中比较稀少神秘的东西，有些甚至是国家禁止的东西，如毒品、枪支弹药之类的。庞大又隐秘的“暗网”很快引起了朱晓磊的兴趣。
In early 2019, Zhu Xiaozhing viewed a picture of the business information about the “dark web” at a 100-degree bar. Through a lot of searches, Zhu Xiaozhin learned that the “dark web” needed a special server, used a dedicated browser and went through walls to get in. The “dark web” allows for the purchase of less secretive things in life and the Internet, some of which are even banned by the state, such as drugs, firearms and ammunition.
于是，朱晓磊在网上找到了怎么进入“暗网”的教程，通过浏览器和翻墙软件登录进“暗网”导航页。其中有一个中文网址，里面大多都是卖东西的帖子，既有买卖实物的香烟、手机卡，也有买卖他人身份信息、开房记录信息、群发信息、数据库等虚拟内容。交易模式类似于淘宝平台，由于“暗网”上买卖需要使用比特币，朱晓磊还为自己账户购买了比特币方便交易。
As a result, Chu found a course on how to access the “dark web” online, entering the “dark web” navigation page through browsers and wall-crowding software. There was one site in Chinese, most of which consisted of post-selling items, including cigarettes, mobile cards, and virtual content such as buying and selling other people's identities, recording information on house openings, group messaging, databases, etc. The trading pattern was similar to that of a treasure-hunting platform, and since buying and selling on the “dark web” required the use of bitcoin, Ju Xiaoqiao purchased bitcoin for his account.
在“暗网”这个隐秘的角落，朱晓磊找到了另类的牟利方式——利用“暗网”技术倒卖各类“资源”，除了贩卖公民个人信息获利，其倒卖的“资源”可能还包括：赌博、洗钱、诈骗类网站源代码和搭建赌博网站。
In the hidden corner of the “black net”, Zhu Xiaoqiao has found alternative ways of profiting — selling out various types of “resources” using “barknet” techniques, which, in addition to selling individual information to citizens for profit, may include gambling, money-laundering, fraud-type website source codes and gambling sites.
事实上，“暗网”并不是第一次进入公众的视野。早前在美国警方侦办中国失踪女留学生章莹颖案中，发现嫌疑人经常在暗网浏览“绑架101”等网站，一度让很多人怀疑章莹颖失踪案与“暗网”有关。由于“暗网”经过加密处理，普通浏览器和搜索引擎无法进入，且使用虚拟货币作为交易货币，给其增添了不少神秘色彩。
Earlier in the U.S. police investigation of China’s missing female students’ badges, it was discovered that suspects often viewed websites like “kidnapping 101” on the Internet, which at one point led many people to suspect that the missing chapter was connected to the “dark web.” As the “dark web” was encrypted, ordinary browsers and search engines were denied access, and the use of virtual currency as the currency of transactions added a lot of mystery to it.
比特币购买公民个人信息
Bitcoin buys citizen's personal information
2019年5月底，朱晓磊登录该中文网址，看到一个主题为“高清身份证正反面手持”的帖子，内容是出售500条公民个人身份证信息（身份证正反面照片、持证人持证件的近身照）。朱晓磊便通过比特币交易软件购买300元人民币的比特币，约0.01比特币。于是，在给平台预付220元后，卖家给了他一个链接，打开后可直接下载500条公民身份证信息，朱晓磊再在“暗网”上确认收货，对方方可收到款。“暗网”上面都是使用比特币交易，比特币的价格跟股票一样每天都不一样。当时朱晓磊购买时一比特币是四到五千美元，折合人民币三四万元。
At the end of May 2019, Chu Xiaoqiao entered the Chinese site and saw a post on the theme “Highly Quality Identity Cards are held on the opposite side of the street” on the sale of 500 personal ID messages from citizens (I.D. photos on the opposite side of the identity card and close photograph of the holder of the document). Chu Xiaoqiao purchased 300 yuan in bitcoins, about 0.01 bitcoins, through the Bitcoin trading software. So, after prepaid $220 to the platform, the seller gave him a link, open it and then directly downloaded 500 citizen IDs, and Zhu Xiaoqiao confirmed the receipt on the “barknet” so that the other party could receive the money.
另外，朱晓磊还在互联网一个黑客论坛中通过下载他人共享文件的方式非法获取了533条公民个人身份证信息。朱晓磊发现“趣头条”等手机App，每天可通过阅读量提现一两元，但每个账户一天只能提现一次，所以其想买一些身份信息来注册App账户赚钱。于是，他利用这些非法获取的1033条公民个人身份证信息，注册了各类赚钱App，并从中获利一万余元。
In addition, Chu Xiaojin illegally obtained 533 citizen personal identity information from an Internet hacker's forum by downloading documents shared by others. Jo Xiaoying discovered that mobile phones such as “Funnibus” App can raise one or two dollars a day by reading, but each account can be presented only once a day, so he wanted to buy some identity information to register App's account.
2019年7月，朱晓磊在“暗网”登陆自己账户，从中文网址中使用价值100元人民币的比特币购买了2.1亿条公民的住宿信息，每条信息包括：姓名、身份证号码、开房时间。此信息为2018年8月华住集团旗下的汉庭酒店、全季酒店等连锁酒店被黑客盗取的住客开房信息。
In July 2019, Chu Xiaoqiao entered his own account on the “Dark Net” and purchased from the Chinese web site 200 million residential information for citizens worth RMB 100 in bitcoin, including: name, ID number, opening hours. This information is for hotel chains that were stolen by hackers in August 2018 from the Hanchen Hotel under the Group's banner, the Hotel throughout the season, etc.
2019年10月，朱晓磊从中选取陈某某的身份证信息通过一个广州中介公司帮助他人注册了一家美国公司，并为他人开通公司公户（美国摩根大通银行），从中获利5200元。
In October 2019, Chu Xiaoqiao, through a Guangzhou intermediary company, helped others to register an American company and open the company's own account (Morgan Chase Bank, United States), which earned $5,200.
藏身城中村，所需工具也只是一台自己组装的电脑和几部手机，朱晓磊本以为这一切就如同“暗网”一样属于最隐秘的角落，无人察觉，但没想到的是，仅仅几个月后，发财的美梦就破碎了。
The tools needed to hide in the city's middle village are just a computer and a few cell phones that Joo Xiao had thought were the most hidden corners of the world, no one would notice, but it was unexpected that, just a few months later, the dream of wealth had broken.
出售个人信息获利
Selling personal information for profit
2019年12月16日，湛江市公安局经济技术开发区分局网监大队在工作中发现朱晓磊用网络进行违法活动，将其抓获归案，当日决定对其侵犯公民个人信息案立案侦查。因涉嫌侵犯公民个人信息罪，经湛江经济技术开发区检察院批准，1月15日被湛江市公安局经济技术开发区分局逮捕，3月13日向检察院移送审查起诉。4月14日，该案在法院一审开庭。
On 16 December 2019, the network monitoring unit of the Technical Economic Development Division of the Guangjiang City Public Security Bureau discovered that Chu Xiaoqiao was using the network to carry out unlawful activities and arrested him. On 14 April, the case was opened in the first instance before the court for alleged violations of citizens'personal information. The case was arrested on 15 January by the Technical Economic Development Division of the Public Security Bureau of the Zhangjiang City, with the approval of the Public Prosecutor's Office of the Zhangjiang District, and referred to the Public Prosecutor's Office for examination and prosecution.
“侵犯公民个人信息罪，是指违反国家有关规定，向他人出售或者提供公民个人信息，情节严重的行为，或者窃取或者以其他方法非法获取公民个人信息，情节严重的行为。”承办该案的湛江经济技术开发区检察院检察官许丽告诉《方圆》记者，本案被告人朱晓磊明知非法获取公民个人信息会对公民个人信息安全造成危害，仍然从“暗网”上购买酒店泄露的开房信息共2.1亿条，又从“暗网”上购买个人身份信息500条、从黑客论坛下载个人身份信息533条，通过非法手段获取共1033条公民身份证信息，使用非法获取的公民身份证信息注册了五百六百个App进行牟利。并在非法获取的信息中挑选他人的身份证信息注册成立美国公司，从中获利4000元。
“Infringement of a citizen's personal information is a serious offence committed in violation of the relevant provisions of the State by selling or providing other persons with personal information of a citizen, in serious circumstances, or by stealing or otherwise illegally obtaining personal information of a citizen.” The Prosecutor of the Public Prosecutor's Office of the Tanjiang Economic and Technological Development District, who took over the case, Shrei, informed the journalist of the Fangun that the defendant in this case, Chu Xiaoqiao, knew that the illegal acquisition of personal information of a citizen would endanger the personal information security of a citizen, continued to purchase a total of 210 million copies of opening information from a hotel from the “underground” and purchased 500 pieces of personal identity information from a “underground” network, downloaded 533 articles of personal identity information from a hacker's forum, obtained a total of 1,033 citizen's identity cards through illegal means, registered five hundred Apps using illegally acquired civil identification information, and registered in a United States company for the purpose of profiting 4,000 yuan from illegally obtained information.
根据《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》的规定，非法获取、出售或者提供住宿信息、通信记录、健康生理信息、交易信息等其他可能影响人身、财产安全的公民个人信息五百条以上的或违法所得5000元以上的，应当认定为刑法第253条之一规定的“情节严重”，达到侵犯公民个人信息罪的追诉标准。非法获取住宿信息5000条以上，即认定为“情节特别严重”。
In accordance with the provisions of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Certain Questions Concerning the Law Applicable to Handling Criminal Cases of Violation of the Personal Information of Citizens, the illegal acquisition, sale or provision of accommodation information, communication records, healthy physiological information, trade information and other forms of personal information of citizens that may affect the safety of persons or property, or more than 5000 yuan, shall be deemed to be “serious circumstances” under one of the provisions of article 253 of the Penal Code and to meet the standard of recourse for the offence of violating the personal information of citizens.
“被告人朱晓磊非法获取公民住宿信息共2.1亿条，远超情节特别严重的认定最低标准，依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第253条之一的规定，应当认定情节特别严重，依法应当判处3年以上7年以下有期徒刑。”许丽进一步解释。
“The accused, Chu Xiaoqiao, who illegally obtained information on the accommodation of citizens, totalling 210 million articles, goes far beyond the minimum criteria for special aggravating circumstances and, in accordance with article 253, paragraph 1, of the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China, shall be found to be particularly serious and shall, according to the law, be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of three to seven years.”
庭审中，被告人朱晓磊对检察机关指控其侵犯公民个人信息的基本事实及罪名无异议，但其辩解从中文网站购买的公民住宿信息仅有2000万条，没有检察机关指控的2.1亿条公民住宿信息这么多，其侵犯公民个人信息不构成情节特别严重。
During the trial, the defendant, Zhu Xiaoqiao, did not contest the basic facts and charges against him for violating the personal information of citizens, but argued that he had purchased only 20 million copies of the information on the citizen's accommodation from the Chinese-language website, that there was so much information on the accommodation of the 210 million citizens charged by the prosecutor's office, and that the violation of the personal information of citizens did not constitute a particularly serious circumstance.
朱晓磊辩护人认为，被告人仅花了100元人民币的比特币购买了2亿多条过时的公民住宿信息，由于“暗网”帖子标题标明是2000万条，故被告人只对2000万条的公民住宿信息有购买的犯罪故意，对于多出来的公民住宿信息没有购买的犯罪故意，应认定购买公民信息数量2000万条。另外，被告人购买的公民住宿信息酒店2018年泄露的数据，已经被多人购买并保存，信息价值不大，且购买后也无法转售盈利，故犯罪行为没有造成严重后果，社会危害性不大。
According to the defence, the defendant purchased more than 200 million out-of-date citizen accommodation information in bitcoin, which cost him only 100 yuan. Since the title of the “bark net” was marked as 20 million articles, the defendant intentionally purchased only 20 million items of citizen accommodation information, but did not knowingly purchase more than 20 million copies of the citizen's accommodation information. Moreover, the data released in 2018 by the Citizen Accommodation Information Hotel, which the defendant purchased, had been purchased and kept by a number of people, had little value and could not be resold for profit, and the crime had no serious consequences and was of little social harm.
查实2.1205亿条数据
Verifying 212.5 million data
由于辩护人在庭审中提出了新的异议，该案进行了二次开庭。经查，从侦查机关依法提取被告人电脑中的数据中，经清点和对比查重，数据共计2.1205亿条，有扣押的物证、清点记录、同步录像、指认辨认笔录说明、电子数据等证据予以证实，足以认定。
As a result of the new challenges raised by the defence during the trial, the case was heard in a second session. According to the investigation, the data extracted from the defendant's computer by the investigating authorities in accordance with the law were counted and weighed to a total of 212.5 million items, supported by evidence such as seized physical evidence, accounting records, synchronized video recordings, identification notes, electronic data, etc.
“针对被告人及其指定辩护人提出仅对其中2000万条数据具有购买的故意，对于超出部分无犯罪故意的意见。根据刑法理论，侵犯公民个人信息罪系实行犯，应当以其实际侵犯的公民个人信息数量进行定罪处罚，而非其意图侵犯的公民个人信息予以定罪处罚。”许丽表示。
“Providing an intentional opinion that only 20 million of these data have been purchased by the accused and his designated defence, and that there is no crime beyond the limits. According to the theory of criminal law, the offence of violating a citizen's personal information is punishable by a conviction based on the amount of personal information that he actually violates, rather than the personal information of a citizen that he intends to violate.”
在许丽看来，公民个人信息是受法律保护的各种信息，未经合法授权均不得使用，被告人通过非法网站私下购买公民个人信息，故其犯罪故意明知系公民个人信息而非法获取，对非法获取的公民个人信息具有概括的故意，而非同一的犯罪故意。根据《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十条的规定，对批量公民个人信息的条数，根据查获的数量直接认定。本案直接查获的批量公民个人信息数量为2.1205亿条，亦不存在重复的情形，故应以查获的数量直接定罪处罚。
According to Shrei, the personal information of a citizen is legally protected and cannot be used without legal authorization, and the accused buys the personal information of a citizen in private through an illegal website. As a result of the crime, the individual information of a citizen has been obtained illegally with the knowledge that it is personal information of a citizen and has been obtained in general rather than with the same intent. In accordance with article 10 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Certain Questions Concerning the Law Applicable to Criminal Cases of Violation of the Personal Information of a Citizen, the number of articles containing the personal information of a citizen in bulk is determined directly on the basis of the quantities seized.
许丽在批准逮捕阶段以及审查起诉阶段第一次提审朱晓磊时，就细心、耐心反复向朱晓磊释法说理，普及侵犯公民个人信息罪的犯罪构成的有关知识，告知坦白交代事实可以得到从宽处理，稳定朱晓磊的认罪思想，朱晓磊对构成侵犯公民信息罪一直不持异议。
During the period of arrest and the first trial of Chu Xiaoqiao, during the examination of the indictment, he carefully and patiently explained to Zhu Xiaoqiao's case, spreading knowledge of the criminal nature of the offence of violating the citizen's personal information, informing him that the confession of facts can be treated with leniency, stabilizing Zhu Xiaoqiao's confession of guilt, and that Chu has remained unchallenged as constituting the crime of violating the citizen's information.
今年6月，被告人朱晓磊侵犯公民个人信息罪，被判处有期徒刑4年，并处罚金人民币1万元。
In June of this year, the accused, Zhu Xiaojun, was sentenced to four years'imprisonment and a fine of 10,000 yuan in gold.
加大对网络新型犯罪的打击力度
网络犯罪是新型的犯罪，“暗网”犯罪更是新中之新。朱晓磊案是湛江市首宗通过“暗网”非法购买公民个人信息的案件。第一次办理利用“暗网”犯罪的案件，作为并不熟知网络专业知识的办案检察官，办理涉网络犯罪案件本来就存在一定的困难，办理“暗网”犯罪案件更是“摸着石头过河”。
The case of Chu Xiaojiang is the first case in the city of Zhang Xiaojiang to illegally purchase citizen's personal information via the “Darknet.” For the first time, the case of the use of the “Dark Net” was handled as a prosecutor who did not know the expertise of the Internet.
为从快办理这宗案件，许丽及时查阅大量相关资料，多次与网监民警沟通交流，了解“暗网”相关知识，及时更新办案理念。互联网其实是一个多层结构，平时我们正常使用的互联网均为“表层网”，能够通过标准搜索引擎进行访问浏览，藏在“表层网”之下的被称为“深网”，而“暗网”通常被认为是“深网”的一个子集。在国内需要使用翻墙工具越过国内互联网监管反制，然后使用“暗网”浏览器，复制相关“暗网”网址登录搭建在世界各地的“暗网”服务器浏览。
In order to expedite the case, Shrei has been able to access a large amount of relevant information in a timely manner, communicate with the INP on several occasions, learn about the “dark web” and update the concept of the case in a timely manner. The Internet is actually a multilayered structure, and the Internet that we normally use is a “surface network”, which can be accessed through a standard search engine and hidden under the “surface network” known as the “deep net”, which is usually considered a subset of the “deep net.”
“另外，我们也全面认真学习办理侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件适用的法律法规及相关司法解释，读懂读透司法解释的本意，为准确把握定罪标准做好铺垫。”许丽说，经过多次与公安机关刑侦民警进行案件沟通，了解破获过程，商讨案情、梳理证据。在审查逮捕阶段就列出完整的继续补充侦查提纲，及时引导侦查，避免审查起诉阶段的退查环节。
“In addition, we have studied thoroughly the legal provisions applicable to criminal cases involving violations of the personal information of citizens and the relevant judicial interpretations, read and read the legal interpretations, and set the stage for an accurate determination of the criteria for conviction.” Shelley said that, after numerous communications with the Public Security Police Criminal Investigation Police, the investigation of the case was conducted, the case was discussed and the evidence was sorted out. At the stage of the examination of the arrest, a complete outline was drawn up for the continuation of the investigation, the investigation was directed in a timely manner, and the investigation was avoided at the stage of the prosecution.
许丽说，在审查朱晓磊实施侵犯公民个人信息犯罪这一案件时，发现可能涉及赌博、洗钱、诈骗类等继发犯罪，在审查中已向公安机关提出继续补充查实继发的犯罪，但未能查处成功。这与当前的现状以及这类网络犯罪的特点有着密切关系。一是因为犯罪嫌疑人使用境外“暗网”平台比特币交易、使用不常用的聊天工具逃避打击等原因造成取证难。二是“暗网”用户更新快，无法查实用户真实身份给取证带来困难。
Shelley said that, in examining the case of crimes against citizens' personal information committed by Chu Xiaoqiao, it was found that there could be follow-on crimes involving gambling, money-laundering, fraud, etc. In the course of the review, the public security authorities were advised to continue to add to the investigation of subsequent crimes, but were not successful. This is closely related to the current situation and the characteristics of such cybercrimes. First, the difficulty of obtaining evidence is due to the use of foreign “blacknet” platforms for trading bitcoin and the use of unused chat tools to avoid a blow. Second, the “bark web” users are being updated so that the true identity of the users cannot be traced to the difficulty of obtaining evidence.
“我们要不断地在办案中总结，在总结中办案，让这类犯罪无路可逃，避免被害人信息被泄露而遭受利益侵害，为平安和谐社会奉献我们的检察力量。”许丽最后表示。（文中涉案人员均为化名）来源：方圆微信公众号
“We will continue to summed up the case, to summed up the case, to make it impossible for such crimes to escape, to prevent the disclosure of the victim's information from harming our interests, and to dedicate our prosecutorial powers to a peaceful and harmonious society.” Shelley concluded.
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