比特币是一种去中心化的加密货币。在2008年发布的[白皮书]中，由某个人或某个群体化名为[中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）] ，首度探讨了比特币的机制。2009年1月，比特币正式问世。比特币是一种基于点对点网络的货币，所有[交易]都是在平等独立的网络参与者之间直接进行，而无需任何中间方的许可或促成。用中本聪自己的话来说，创造比特币就是为了让“一方无需通过金融机构就能直接对另一方在线付款”。在比特币出现之前，出现过一些类似的去中心化电子货币概念，但比特币的独特之处在于，它是有史以来首个被应用于现实生活中的加密货币。
Bitcoin is a decentralised, encrypted currency. In a [white paper] published in 2008, an individual or a group named [Satoshi Nakamoto] explored the mechanism of Bitcoin for the first time. In January 2009, Bitcoin was officially born. Bitcoin is a money based on point-to-point networks, and all [transactions] are carried out directly between equal and independent network participants, without any intermediary’s permission or contribution. In China’s own words, Bitcoin was created to allow “one party to pay the other directly on-line without having to go through a financial institution.” Prior to Bitcoin, a similar concept of decentralized electronic currency emerged, but the uniqueness of Bitcoin was that it was the first encrypted currency ever applied in real life.
目前，大家公认的比特币创始人是一个化名为中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）的人。到今天为止，这个化名背后的人或组织的真实身份仍不得而知。2008年10月31日，中本聪发布了比特币白皮书，其中详细说明了如何使用这种点对点网络货币。他们/他提议使用一种分布式交易账本，将它们分批打包（称为“区块”），并通过加密算法进行保护——此后，整个系统被称为“[区块链]”。仅在2个月之后，也就是2009年1月3日，中本聪挖出了比特币网络上的第一个区块，也就是[创世区块]，由此诞生了世界第一个加密货币。不过，虽说中本聪是比特币的创始人，也是首个实现比特币应用的人，但是多年来，很多人都为加密货币的发展作出了贡献，包括不断修补其缺陷和增加新功能。在 GitHub 上比特币的源代码库中就列出了超过750名贡献者，其中包括一些关键人物，如Wladimir J. van der Laan，Marco Falke，Pieter Wuille，Gavin Andresen，Jonas Schnelli等。
At present, the well-known founder of Bitcoin is a person known as Satoshi Nakamoto. The true identity of the person or organization behind this alias remains unknown until today. On October 31, 2008, China’s White Paper, which details how to use such point-to-point currencies, was published. They/he proposed to use a distributed book of accounts, which they packaged (known as “blocks”) and protected by encryption algorithms – after which the entire system was referred to as “the [block chain]”. Only two months later, on January 3, 2009, Ben’s first block on the Bitconet network, the [inventory block], produced the world’s first encrypted currency.
比特币最独特的优势是，它是市场上出现的第一种加密货币。它成功创造了一个全球社区，促成了一个全新行业的诞生，让数百万比特币狂热爱好者在他们的日常生活中创造、投资、交易和使用比特币以及其他加密货币。比特币的出现奠定了概念和技术的基础，激发了成千上万的竞争性项目百舸争流。现在，[整个加密货币市场]的市值已超过3千亿，而这正是基于比特币所实现的理想化概念——在这个世界任何地方的任何人都可以付款或收钱，而无需依赖任何银行或金融服务公司等可信赖的中间机构。得益于它的开拓性，比特币在其推出后十多年来始终处于这个活跃市场的头部地位。即使比特币失去了无法撼动的主导地位，但由于其交易平台的独特性（即提供了很多比特币的使用功能，如[钱包]、交易、支付服务、在线游戏等），它仍然是市值最高的[加密货币]，其2020年的市值在1-2千亿之间。
Bitcoin’s most unique advantage is that it is the first encrypted currency to emerge in the market. It succeeded in creating a global community where millions of Bitcoin fanatics could create, invest, trade and use bitcoins and other encrypted currencies in their daily lives. Bitcoins formed the basis of concepts and technologies, stimulating hundreds of thousands of competitive projects. Now the market value of [the entire encrypted currency market] exceeds 300 billion, based on the idealized concept of Bitcoin – that anyone anywhere in the world can pay or collect money without relying on any trusted intermediary such as a bank or financial service company.
比特币的总供应量受限于其软件的特性，总量不会超过21,000,000枚。新的比特币可以通过[“挖矿”]产生：由于交易在全网进行，矿工可以找到它们，以区块的形式打包，并经由复杂的加密算法进行保护。作为对其花费计算资源的补偿，矿工成功将区块加入区块链即可获得报酬。在比特币刚推出时，每新增一个区块的奖励是50枚比特币：每挖出21万个新区块后，奖励就会[减半]，这个过程耗时大概四年左右。到2020年，区块奖励已减半三次，降至6.25个比特币。比特币并不能预先开采，即比特币在公开发行前，不存在创始人挖矿及分配的情况。然而，在比特币推出后的最初几年，矿工之间的竞争相对较小，使得比特币网络的一批早期参与者通过常规挖矿聚集了大量的比特币：据说，中本聪自己就拥有超过一百万枚比特币。
The total supply of Bitcoin is limited to its software characteristics, with a total of no more than 21,000,000 units. The new bitcoin can be generated by [`mining': because the deal is on the net, miners can find them, pack them in blocks and protect them through sophisticated encryption algorithms. As compensation for their spending resources, miners can be rewarded for successfully adding blocks to the chain of blocks. When Bitcoin was launched, there were 50 bitcoins for each additional block: for every 210,000 new blocks, the reward would be [reduced by half] and the process would take about four years. By 2020, block awards had been halved by three times, down to 6.25 bitcoins. Bitcoins could not be mined in advance, that is, before their release, there was no mining or distribution by their founders.
比特币是通过[SHA-256算法]来保护网络安全。这种SHA-256算法属于哈希算法中SHA-2家族的一种，从比特币分叉出来的比特币现金（[BCH]）和其他几种加密货币也都使用这种算法。
Bitcoin protects network security through [SHA-256 algorithms]. This method belongs to one of the SHA-2 families in the Hashi algorithm, which is also used in Bitcoin cash ([BCH]) and in several other encrypted currencies.
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