读前思考:在一个偏远得没有任何银行等记账和清算机构的小村，当村民张三准备给李四转账1000元的时候，会发生哪些有意思的事情?
Before reading, think about what would be interesting when the village of Zhang San was planning to transfer $1,000 to Lee in a small village where there were no banks and no clearing houses.
通俗的讲，比特币是一种总量恒定2100万的数字货币，和互联网一样具有去中心化、全球化、匿名性等特性。向地球另一端转账比特币，就像发送电子邮件一样简单，低成本，无任何限制。比特币因此被用于跨境贸易、支付、汇款等领域。
& nbsp; popularly, Bitcoin is a constant 21 million digital currency with decentralised, global, anonymous features like the Internet. Transfers to the other side of the planet are as simple as e-mails, low cost, no restrictions. Bitcoin is thus used in cross-border trade, payments, remittances, etc.
比特币由中本聪（化名）在2009年1月3日，基于无国界的对等网络，用共识主动性开源软件发明创立，是加密货币及区块链的始祖，也是目前知名度与市场总值最高的加密货币。任何人皆可参与比特币活动，可以通过称为挖矿的电脑运算来发行。比特币协议数量上限为2100万个，以避免通货膨胀问题。使用比特币是通过私钥作为数字签名，允许个人直接支付给他人，不需经过如银行、清算中心、证券商等第三方机构，从而避免了高手续费、繁琐流程、以及受监管性的问题。在诞生后的八年里，比特币作为一种前所未有的新型货币，经历了无数的市场考验和技术攻击，始终屹立不倒。现在比特币已成长为一个在全球有着数百万用户，数万商家接受付款，市值高达上千亿美元的货币系统。
Bitcoin was created on 3 January 2009 by a reciprocal network based on sans frontières, using a consensus-based initiative to open-source software, the founder of an encrypted currency and block chain, as well as the most well-known and market-valued encrypted currency. Anyone can participate in Bitcoin, which can be distributed through computer calculations known as mining. The number of bitcoin agreements is capped at 21 million to avoid inflation. Bitcoin is now used as a digital signature, allowing individuals to pay directly to others, without having to go through third-party institutions such as banks, clearing centres, securities dealers, etc., thus avoiding high fees, cumbersome processes, and regulatory problems. In the eight years since it was born, Bitcoin, as an unprecedented new currency, has experienced numerous market tests and technological attacks, and has always stood up.
从运行上来看，比特币实际上是一个互联网上的去中心化账本。
Operationally, Bitcoin is actually a decentralised account book on the Internet.
我们日常生活中的金融服务普遍采用的中心化账本。例如银行就是一个典型的中心化账本，账本存储在银行的中心数据库。
Centralized books of accounts are commonly used for financial services in our daily lives. For example, banks are a typical central books of accounts, which are stored in the bank’s central database.
怎么理解去中心化账本呢？
How do you understand going to the central book?
假设有这样的一个小村庄，大家不是靠银行，而是自己用账本来记录谁有多少钱，每个人的账本上都写着：张三的A账号余额3000元，李四的B账号余额2000元……
Assuming that there is a small village where people don't rely on banks, but they use their own accounts to record who has how much money, each of them has an account book that says: three A accounts balance of $3,000, Lee four accounts account balance of $2,000 & Hellip; and & Hellip;
当张三想要通过A账号转账1000元给李四的B账号时：
When Zhang San wanted to transfer $1,000 to Lee's account B through account number A:
张三大吼一声：大家注意啦，我用A账号给李四的B账号转1000块钱。
Three of Zhang's three shouts: Attention, everyone. I'm transferring $1,000 from account A to account B of Li's account.
张三附近的村民听了确实是张三的声音，并且检查张三的A账号是否有足够余额。
Villagers in the vicinity of Zhang San heard indeed Zhang San's voice and checked whether Zhang San's account number A had a sufficient balance.
检查通过后，村民往自己的账本上写：A账号向B账号转账1000元，并修改余额：A账号余额=3000-1000=2000元，B账号余额=2000+1000=3000元。
After the inspection, the villagers wrote to their accounts: account A transferred $1,000 to account B and modified the balance: account A balance = 3,000-1,000 = 2000 and account B balance = 2000 + 1000 = 3,000.
张三附近的村民把转账告诉较远村民，一传十十传百，直到所有人都知道这笔转账，以此保证所有人账本的一致性。
Villagers in the vicinity of Zhang San told the faraway villagers about the transfer, which was circulated over a hundred times until all were aware of the transfer, thereby ensuring consistency in the books of the owners.
当然，这是比特币运行的一个最简通俗描述，它实际运行远比这复杂。
Of course, it's one of the most general descriptions of Bitcoin's operations, and it actually works much more complicated than that.
中本聪在2008年《比特币白皮书》中提出“区块链”概念，并在2009年创立了比特币社会网络，开发出第一个区块，即“创世区块”。
In the 2008 Bitcoin White Paper, Nakamoto proposed & ldquo; the block chain & rdquao; the concept and the creation of the Bitcoin social network in 2009 to develop the first block, & ldquao; the creation block & rdquao;
区块链技术是比特币的底层技术，但在早期并没有太多人注意到比特币的底层技术。但是当比特币在没有任何中心化机构运营和管理的情况下，在多年里非常稳定的运行，并且没有出现过任何问题。所以很多人注意到，该底层技术技术也许有很大的机制，而且不仅仅可以在比特币中使用，也许可以在许多领域都能够应用这种技术。所以从某个角度来看，比特币可以看成是区块链第一个应用，而区块链更类似于TCP/IP这样的底层技术，以后会扩展到越来越多的行业中。
Block chain technology is the bottom of Bitcoin, but not much attention was given to bitcoin at an early stage. But when bitcoin operated and managed without any centralised agency, it worked very steadily for many years and did not have any problems. So many notice that the bottom technology may have a large mechanism and may not only be used in bitcoin, but it may be applied in many areas. So, from one perspective, Bitcoin can be seen as the first application of the block chain, while the block chain is more similar to the bottom of the TCP/IP, and it will be extended to a growing number of industries.
以金融行业为例（比如银行），如果黑客攻击或者系统错误，导致记账数据被篡改或损坏，就可能导致整个系统的危机甚至崩溃。此外，这种运作模式因为账本的唯一性，依赖的是中心的信用，即银行的信用，如果这个“中心”的信用出现问题，比如银行擅自篡改数据，那么客户的权益也会受到侵害（例如已经发生了很多起的银行职员利用职权盗用储户资金的事件）。
& nbsp; in the case of the financial sector (e.g. banks), the risk of a crisis or even collapse of the entire system if hacking or system error leads to tampering or damage to bookkeeping data. Moreover, because of the sole nature of the books, this mode of operation relies on the credit of the centre, i.e. bank credit, if this & ldquo; centre & rdquo; credit problems, e.g. bank tampering with data, may also infringe the rights and interests of the customer (e.g. there have been many instances where bank officials have used their authority to steal depositor funds).
为防止单点故障和系统性风险，传统金融机构需要进行层层审计来控制金融风险，但由此也造成高昂的内部成本。根据西班牙最大银行桑坦德发布的一份报告显示，2020年左右如果全世界的银行内部都使用区块链技术的话，大概每年能省下200亿美元的成本。
In order to prevent single-point malfunctions and systemic risks, traditional financial institutions need layers of auditing to control financial risks, but this also has high internal costs. According to a report published by the largest Spanish bank, Santander, about $20 billion per year could be saved by 2020 if block chain technology was used in banks around the world.
此外，由于历史原因，导致传统金融机构在结算和清算时都依靠中央结算所来完成，而由此造成的问题就是效率低下。如果所有的金融系统能够实现去中心化的实时结算和清算，不仅仅将极大的提高全球金融效率，并且由此能够改变全球金融的格局。
Moreover, for historical reasons, traditional financial institutions rely on central settlements for both settlement and liquidation, and the resulting problem is inefficiency. If all financial systems are able to achieve decentralized real-time settlements and liquidations, not only will global financial efficiency be greatly improved, but the resulting changes in the global financial landscape.
而且，像比特币这样的网络是由全体比特币用户共同控制，除非绝大部分比特币用户一致同意做出某个改变（例如规则修改或版本升级），否则任何人或组织都无法改变或停止比特币运行。
Moreover, a network such as Bitcoin is controlled by all bitcoin users, and no one or organization can change or stop Bitcoin unless the vast majority of bitcoin users agree to make a change (e.g. rule changes or version upgrades).
矿工参与争夺记账权是有机会获得奖励的。在开始的时候是每10分钟系统会奖励记账最快最好的人50个比特币，然后这50个每四年减半，差不多在2140年的时候就不再有新的比特币出现，将会达到2100万个的上限。在这之后，将会使用交易手续费来奖励矿工。
There are opportunities for miners to compete for bookkeeping rights. At the beginning, the 10-minute system will reward the fastest and best bookkeepers with 50 bitcoins, then it will be halved every four years, and there will be no new bitcoins in almost 2140, which will reach the upper limit of 21 million.
比特币交易市场的资金流向类似于股票市场，都是新投资者向不特定的旧投资者购买投资物（比特币或股票），任何新旧投资人都不能确保盈利。“庞氏骗局”的定义是：用后来的“投资者”的钱回缴给前面的“投资者”当作回报的吸纳资金行为，“传销”的定义是：通过特定上下线关系拉人头，吸纳并分配资金的行为。
The flow of funds to the Bitcoin trading market is similar to the stock market, where new investors buy investments (bitcoins or shares) from unspecific old investors, and no old or new investors can ensure profit. & ldquo; Ponzi fraud & rdquo; defined as: taking heads back to the previous & ldquo; investor & rdquo; investor & rdquo; recipient behaviour in return, & & ldquo; passing & rdquao; defined as action to absorb and distribute funds through a specific line-up relationship.
在比特币/股票市场中老人比起新人没有优势，都要靠自己的能力判断涨跌而盈利；而庞氏骗局/传销中老人比起新人有强制优势，老人强制从新人处获取资金。因此虽然比特币/股票市场和庞氏骗局/传销一样，都依赖后来者资金驱动，但比特币市场和股票市场属于同一类别，不是庞氏骗局或传销。很多人其实是把“泡沫”、“传销”、“庞氏骗局”三个完全不同的概念混为一谈。
In the Bitcoin/stock market, old people have no advantage over new people, but they are profiting by their own judgement; while the Ponzi scheme/distribution has a mandatory advantage over newcomers, the elderly force money from newcomers. So, while the Bitcoin/stock market, like the Ponzi scheme/distribution, depends on laterer money, the Bitcoin market and the stock market are in the same category, not Ponzi. Many people actually mix & & & & & & rdquao; & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & ; the Ponzi fraud & & & & quo; and three completely different concepts.
Q币和人民币都是典型的中心化货币。政府想要多少人民币就有多少，一开始还要印纸钞，现在只要在电脑里改改数字就行了；马化腾想要多少Q币就有多少，想给谁加多少个扣多少个都是动动手指头的事。而比特币和黄金一样是去中心化货币。没有人能凭空变出黄金来——除了烧钱挖矿或花钱购买，也没有人能凭空变出比特币来——除了烧钱挖矿或花钱购买。在比特币区块链启动后，就算中本聪也没有能力凭空变出比特币，或增加、扣减他人的比特币。另外，Q币和人民币都是局域性货币，Q币只能在腾讯系统内消费，人民币主要在大陆流通。而黄金和比特币都是全球性货币。
& nbsp; Queens and renminbis are typical centralized currencies. The government will have as many renminbis as it wants, and it will have to print them in the first place. Now it will have to change them on the computer.
在比特币的世界里，如果你想拥有比特币，你需要申请一个比特币钱包，获取一个比特币地址。就像你到银行存款，需要开立一个账户，然后，你就拥有这个账号。有了自己的账号，你可以向你的账号存款，别人也可以给你的账号转账。当你需要提款的时候或者给别人转账的时候，你需要出示一个能够打开这个地址的钥匙，也就是你的私钥，就像你在ATM上取款的时候需要提供密码一样。
In the world of Bitcoin, if you want to have bitcoin, you need to apply for a bitcoin wallet and get a bitcoin address. Just like you need to open an account in a bank deposit, then you have this account number. With your own account number, you can deposit it with your account number, or someone else can transfer it to you. When you need to make a withdrawal or transfer it to someone else, you need to show a key that opens the address, that's your private key, just like you need a password when you take money from ATM.
到此这篇关于通俗解释什么是比特币的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关什么是比特币内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章，希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！
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