通过两个月的时间，完成了对区块链基础知识的梳理，今天来对区块链做一个总结性的解读。
Over a period of two months, the basic knowledge of the block chain was completed, and today a wrap-up reading of the block chain is being done.
我们花了30篇文章的力量来解读区块链，其实中心思想就是一个：区块链改变了信任的模式，正如《经济学人》杂志在2015年的一篇封面文章所概括：
We spent 30 articles reading the block chain, and the central idea was that the block chain changed the pattern of trust, as summarized in an article on the cover of The Economist in 2015:
区块链是信任的机器。
Block chains are trusting machines.
我对这句话的理解是说区块链本身就能生产信任，它能取代信任中介的作用，这种信任来自机器而不是人。它用技术的方式来生产信任，说得明白一点就是依靠一套数学算法。它实现的是对行为和事件本身的信任，而非发出行为和事件的人。这种信任的意义在于它能够实现不需要任何信任担保的情况下，陌生的人们可以在不可信的环境中完成对信任要求极高的经济交易活动。
I understand this sentence to mean that the block chain itself produces trust, which replaces the role of a trust broker, a trust that comes from a machine rather than a man. It produces trust in a technical way, and it makes it clear that it relies on a mathematical algorithm. It achieves trust in the behaviour and event itself, not in the person who sends it. The significance of that trust lies in the fact that, without any guarantee of trust, strange people can carry out economic transactions in an untrustworthy environment where the demand for trust is extremely high.
那为什么需要建立这样一种信任模式呢？
Then why should such a model of trust be built?
这需要从比特币诞生的原因来说。 比特币出现的背景是2008年全球严重的金融危机爆发，经济活动中市场这只无形的手已经失灵了，政府有形的手也失灵了。人们对赖以产生信任的政府，银行等中心化机构产生了怀疑，认为现有的信任模式已经不可信，所以一些技术极客们想通过创造一种不依靠人和机构就能自动产生信任，依靠一套更强的用数学规则来发行，分发和流通货币的机制。
Bitcoin emerged in the context of the severe global financial crisis of 2008, when the invisible hand of the market in economic activity had failed, and the Government’s tangible hand had failed. Doubts were raised about trust-producing governments, centralized institutions such as banks, that existing models of trust were no longer credible, so some technocrats wanted to create trust by creating a system that was independent of people and institutions, relying on a stronger mechanism for issuing, distributing, and circulating money using mathematical rules.
比特币的所有设计理念和技术都是围绕如何更加安全，可靠，顺畅地实现这个目的：没有第三方中介干预的情况下，实现自动发行数字货币，并在陌生人们之间自由分发和流通。
All of Bitcoin's design concepts and techniques revolve around how to be safer, more reliable and more easily achieved: automatic distribution of digital money without the intervention of third-party intermediaries, and free distribution and circulation among strangers.
而围绕比特币的一系列技术形成了它独有的特征：比如基于分布式网络的去中心化或者弱中心化，基于加密的分布式记账形成了数据公开透明，不可篡改，可追溯，基于密码学的隐私保护等等。
It is uniquely characterized by a range of technologies around Bitcoin: decentralization or weak centralization based on distributed networks, transparent data recording based on encryption, non-rotability, traceability, privacy protection based on cryptography, etc.
正因为有这些特征，在比特币的底层技术区块链身上，我们看到了其在技术上，商业上，以及社会治理上都具有极大的价值，我们也看到了它可能带来的各种具有变革意义的愿景。
Because of these characteristics, on the bottom of the technical block chain of Bitcoin, we see great value in technology, in commerce and in social governance, as well as the transformational visions that it could bring about.
比如价值传递，治理模式和协作方式，分配方式的变革等等。。。
For example, value transfer, governance models and collaborative approaches, changes in distribution patterns, etc.
1. 关于价值传递：比特币实现了数字资产在个人之间自由地传递。区块链将其扩展到任何具有价值的数据，信息都可以自由进行传递，将互联网从信息传递带入到价值自由传递的时代。
1. With regard to the transmission of values: Bitcoin achieves the free transfer of digital assets between individuals.
它的意义是价值交换和流通的速度加快了，范围扩大了。一是因为可以对人们产生价值的内容非常丰富，除了看得见摸得着的财产，物资，各种证券，票据，资产等，还包括看不见的一些无形价值，比如人自身的行为，思想，能力，创意，创造力等等，都可以以某种特定的方式转换为可以流通的数字货币，进行自由的交换和交易。二是因为点对点的传输意味着网络中全世界任何两个人之间都可以进行交换，摆脱了中心机构的束缚，将会极大地释放人们的交易需求。也会极大地促进人们生产更多的价值，产生更多的需求。最后将会促进社会总的价值极大增加。
It means that value exchange and circulation accelerates and expands in scope. First, because the content that can generate value for people is so rich that, in addition to visible property, goods, securities, instruments, assets, etc., there are invisible intangible values, such as people’s own behaviour, ideas, abilities, creativity, creativity, etc., that can be converted into negotiable digital money in a certain way, free exchange and trading. Second, because point-to-point transmission means that any two people in the world can exchange between themselves in the network, free from the constraints of central institutions, will greatly release people’s demand for transactions.
2. 关于治理模式：大家可以想象一下在比特币的网络中有多少人自己花钱买来服务器架在家里就开始轰隆隆地挖矿，或者干脆买下几千台矿机到四川的山沟里建一个矿场开干。这些人是在为谁工作呢？你可以说他们是在为自己打工，但是往深里说，他们实际上是在替区块链工作，帮助它去记录和存储数据，为它建设一个安全的网络，提供安全计算的基础。那他们与区块链之间有雇佣关系吗？没有，他们是完全自由加入，也可以自由退出。没有人招聘，不需要人组织，协调，监督和管理，也没有固定的机构给他们开工资。但是这个组织就这样平平稳稳地运行了10年，从未宕过机，记错过账，交易中也没出现过任何收不上来款的坏账。 这是一个没有公司股东会、董事会以及管理层的自发性组织，甚至比特币区块链没有员工，没有经营场地，没有收入，没有资产负债表，可在它上面跑着几千亿美元的市值。
2. With regard to the governance model, one can imagine how many people in Bitcoin’s network pay for their own servers to start digging up mines in their own homes, or simply buy thousands of mine machines to build a mine in a ditch in Sichuan. Who are these people working for? You can say that they are working for themselves, but deep down, they actually work for a block chain to record and store data, to build a secure network, to provide a safe basis for calculation.
谁来决定这个网络怎么运行的呢？显然不是由董事会和管理层做出来的决定。
Who's gonna decide how this network works? Clearly, it's not the decision of the board or management.
这是因为区块链的治理模式，也就是共识机制和激励机制。它是依靠一套数学算法来进行治理，基于博弈论的共识算法和基于数字货币的激励机制。参与区块链的每个节点都按照一套事先编写好的规则来做事，按照规则做则行为有效甚至能够获得奖励，反之无效甚至会有损失。为了自身的利益人们会自发选择维护区块链发展的行为，以一种大家共同遵守的机制来达成共识，实现协作。
This is because of the governance model of block chains, i.e. consensus and incentive mechanisms. It is governed by a mathematical algorithm, a playing-based consensus algorithm, and a digital-currency-based incentive. Each node involved in the block chain works according to a pre-prepared set of rules, and acts according to the rules are effective and even rewarded, and there are losses.
一个不需要公司和管理机构的分布式自治组织，给了我们很多想象。这是在国家，市场和公司之外的第四种组织形式，它既非计划，也非市场，而是伴随区块链技术诞生的新型社会组织形式，它能最大化地实现组织的效能及价值流转，形成新的商业变革，其理论价值和应用价值都值得深入研究。
A distributed self-governing organization that does not require companies and regulatory bodies gives us much imagination. This is the fourth form of organization outside the State, the market and the company, which is neither planned nor market, but rather a new form of social organization accompanying the emergence of block-chain technology, which maximizes the effectiveness of the organization and the flow of its values and creates new business changes whose theoretical and applied values deserve to be studied in depth.
3. 关于分配方式：由于人们在使用区块链的网络中进行各种协作和链接，可以最大化发货资源的社会价值。那么这个网络的价值由谁来享受呢？因为区块链没有公司和员工，所以其产生的价值不由股东享受，因为它没有股东，也不是由董事会的董事，也不是由管理层，也不是由员工来享受，而是由这个网络的所有加入者共享，百分之百由参与者在使用。
3. With regard to distribution: the social value of the consignment resources can be maximized by the various kinds of collaboration and linkages that people use in the network using the block chain. So who would enjoy the value of the network? Since the block chain does not have companies and employees, the value it generates is not shared by shareholders, because it does not belong to the board of directors, nor does it belong to the management, nor does it belong to the staff, but is shared by all participants in the network and is used 100 per cent by the participants.
那么价值和资源是由谁来分配的呢？同样因为区块链没有公司，也不受政府控制，所以不由公司的股东，管理层或者政府机构来分配。它是由机器程序按照事先约定好的规则来自动分配，这就是意味着只要按照规则付出了价值，程序就能保证你可以获得相应的报酬，这种分配避免了因个人的私心或权利导致的分配不公平，也避免了个人价值由他人决定分配的不自主。
So who distributes the value and the resources? Also, because the block chain has no company and is not controlled by the government, it is not allocated by the company’s shareholders, management, or government agencies. It is automatically distributed by machine procedures according to pre-agreed rules, which means that if value is paid in accordance with the rules, the process ensures that you receive the corresponding remuneration, and this distribution avoids the unfair distribution resulting from a person’s own self-interest or rights, and also avoids the lack of autonomy in the distribution of personal values as determined by others.
正是因为区块链完全自发的分工和协作模式，完全自动的分配方式，让人们在资源的生产过程中形成的社会关系发生了根本性改变，不再需要一个公司或者管理机构来协调人们之间的分工和协作，不再需要一个中心来分配价值和资源。
It is precisely because of the entirely spontaneous division of labour and the pattern of collaboration in the block chain and the way in which it is distributed that fundamental changes have been made in the social relations that have developed in the production of resources, that there is no need for a company or regulatory body to coordinate the division of labour and collaboration between people and for a centre to allocate value and resources.
所以人们将区块链最大的意义总结为：对生产关系的变革！
So the most important thing about the block chain is that it's a change in productive relations!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
本文摘自力场作者雪儿小姐姐。
This post is taken from the author, Cher's little sister.
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