原标题：要了解区块链一定要清楚区块链技术的几点技术原理！
Original title & #xff1a; several technical principles of block chain technology need to be clear to understand the block chain & #xff01;
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其实，区块链并不是一个新型的技术，更多的应该是传统技术上的一个融合，再通过一定的规则和机制去实现了区块链独特性质。
In fact xff0c; block chains are not a new technology xff0c; more should be a traditional technology xff0c; and the unique nature of block chains is achieved through certain rules and mechanisms.
我们前面主要普及一些关于区块链的基本概念以及市场概况，今天来讲讲区块链的技术原理，希望能让你对区块链有一个更深的认识和理解。
We have before us, mainly, some basic concepts of block chains and market profiles & #xff0c; today we are talking about the technical rationale of block chains & #xff0c; hopefully you will have a deeper understanding and understanding of block chains.
区块链技术有4个最为本质的技术，分别是：
Block chain technology has four of the most essential technologies xff0c; xff1a;
1、分布式储存
1, distributed store
区块链以链式结构储存区块，并且区块数据分布式存储在网络上的每一个节点上，每一个全节点都有数据的完整备份。
Block chains store blocks & #xff0c in a chain structure; and block data distribution is stored on each node on the network & #xff0c; each node has a complete backup of the data.
2、点对点传输(P2P)
所有节点通过P2P网络自动发现其他节点，并建立连接。用户发送的交易、矿工新产生的块都是通过P2P网络广播至所有节点。
All nodes automatically identify other nodes & #xff0c via the P2P network; and connect.
3、共识机制
同一高度只能产生一个块，由谁产生新块需要节点间通过共识机制进行协商，确保某一高度的块最终是由
The same altitude produces only one xff0c; who produces a new block requires consultations between nodes through the consensus mechanism xff0c; and ensures that a certain altitude is ultimately the result of a new block.
某一个特定的共识节点唯一产生。
A particular consensus node is the only one that emerges.
4、加密算法
4, encryption algorithm
区块链中的交易转账都是要添加数字签名来证明对账户的所有权。账户所有者实际上是账户对应私钥的持有者，因为私钥可以创造出合法的交易签名。
The transaction transfer in the block chain is a digital signature to prove ownership of the account. The account owner is in fact the holder of the account’s private key xff0c; because the private key creates a legitimate transaction signature.
1、开放、共识
因为区块链本身是一个分布式系统，节点可以随意加入或离开，并且可以同步完整的数据备份；节点间基于预定的共识机制协同维护数据副本，任意少数节点失效，其余的节点都能正常工作。
Because the block chain itself is a distributed system xff0c; nodes can be added or left at will xff0c; and complete data backup xff1b can be synchronized; copies of data xff0c are maintained in coordination between nodes based on predetermined consensus mechanisms xff0c; any few nodes fail xff0c; the remaining nodes are functional.
2、去中心、去信任
2, to the center, to trust
区块链网络由众多节点通过P2P自主发现、链接，因此不存在中心化的设备和管理机构；链上的数据有效性都是通过密码学进行验证，无需同中心化机构进行确认。
The block chain network is autonomously discovered by multiple nodes via P2P, links xff0c; therefore there is no centralized equipment and regulatory body xff1b; the data validity of the chain is verified by cryptography xff0c; confirmation is not required with the centralization agency.
3、交易透明、双方匿名
3, transparent transactions, both anonymous
区块链的运行规则是公开透明的，所有的信息也是公开的，每一笔交易都对所有节点可见。
The rules governing the operation of the block chain are open and transparent xff0c; all information is also open xff0c; each transaction is visible to all nodes.
由于节点间通过共识机制和加密学机制进行验证，验证交易只需要知道公钥或签名信息，无需知道对应实体用户的真实身份。比如，A账户转账到B账户10元，我们只能看到一串数字，就是账户的地址，但是账户地址对应到谁(具体的某个人)是不知道的。
Because verification xff0c takes place between nodes through consensus mechanisms and encryption mechanisms; verification of a transaction requires only public key or signature information xff0c; no need to know the true identity of the user of the corresponding entity. For example, xff0c; account A is transferred to account B for $10 xff0c; we can only see a number xff0c; that is, the account's address xff0c; but the account address is unknown to whom (the particular person).
4、不可篡改，可追溯
4; non-alterable #xff0c; retraceable
链式存储结构+数字签名，确保数据无法被轻易篡改和伪造；共识机制确保大多数节点都能够正确出块，任意少数节点都无法破坏整个规则；区块链中的块都是链式单项追加，可以追溯到所有的历史数据。
Chain storage structure 43; digital signature xff0c; ensuring that data cannot be easily tampered with and falsified xff1b; consensus mechanisms ensuring that most nodes are correctly created xff0c; that any few dots are unable to undermine the entire rule xff1b; that blocks in the block chain are chain-only xff0c; and that all historical data can be traced.
链式的存储有一个特点，就是“牵一发而动全身”。因为一旦修改了链上的某一个块，后面所有块的信息就不能对应，就得修改到链上所有块的信息，否则，修改的数据信息将不会通过区块链规则、机制的验证，那么修改的块也将作废。如此，保证了数据信息的不可篡改性。
The chain storage has a feature & #xff0c;
Hash算法
1、单项不可逆
只能单项从数据内容本身快速计算出对应的Hash值，反之无法从Hash值推算出数据内容本身。
The corresponding Hash & #xff0c can only be calculated quickly by individual entries from the data content itself; conversely, the data content itself cannot be extrapolated from the Hash value.
2、唯一性
不同的数据具有不同的Hash值。很难找到两个Hash值一致，但数据本身不一致的数据。
Different data have different Hash values. It is difficult to find two Hash values xff0c; but the data themselves are inconsistent.
3、不可预测性
3,
数据内容对应的Hash值完全随机，轻微的内容变化都会导致Hash值的完全不一致。
The Hash values corresponding to the content of the data are entirely random xff0c; minor changes in content can lead to complete inconsistencies in the Hash values.
这里简单了解一下Hash，下期内容将详细讲解Hash算法。
A brief look at Hash， details of the Hash algorithm will be provided in the next period.
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