比特幣跌落神壇，區塊鏈亟待“敗虛火”
The Bitcoin fell down the altar, and the chain was desperate for "false fire."
——理性認識區塊鏈系列報道之一
It's one of a series of reports on the rationality of the chain.
本報記者 張佳星 高 博
Reporter, Jang Jae-sung, Gao-Bo.
8月14日，比特幣值再次下跌，據媒體報道已跌破6000美元。2017年底，一枚比特幣被瘋炒到十幾萬元人民幣，帶火了當時默默無名的區塊鏈技術。隨著比特幣一步步走下神壇，區塊鏈行業也在擺脫盛名和虛火，走向理性和現實。
By the end of 2017, a bitcoin was fired into a hundred thousand yuan, setting fire to the unnamed chain technique. As Bitcoin walked down the altar, the sector chain industry was evaporating its reputation and fire, and moving to rationality and reality.
資料圖：比特幣。
區塊鏈是一些已有技術的巧妙組合
“區塊鏈原理說起來不復雜，是一些已有技術的巧妙組合。”區塊鏈技術評論者王羽告訴科技日報記者：互聯網上的信息交換，一般是通過大家都信任的信息中心﹔但區塊鏈沒有信息中心，每個節點都接收和儲存信息，這就是“去中心化”。 “The block chain principle is not complicated, it is a clever combination of available technologies.” The technical reviewer, Wang Yu, told the science and technology daily that the exchange of information on the Internet is usually through a trusted information centre; but the chain does not have an information centre, and every node receives and stores the information, which is “decentralized”.
王羽打了個比方：一群碼農要開會，可以選一個辦事員，定時間地點通知大家。但這群人沒選辦事員，而是兩兩通信商量。隻要來往信件足夠多，也能敲定會面時間地點。 Wang Yu made an example: a group of farmers have a meeting, and they can choose a staff member who can inform you of the meeting at a given time and place. But they don’t have a staff member, but they have two-to-one correspondence.
大家約定：每個人都要轉發收到的所有信息，並且附上簽名。這樣，即使有人惡作劇，將錯誤的開會時間地址發給大家，在多數人轉發的正確信息比對下，也會被識別出來。“如有超過一半的用戶串通好了作假，是可以成功的。這就是區塊鏈無法防范的‘51%攻擊’。但網絡足夠大的話，就不會發生這種情況。”王羽說。 It was agreed that everyone would forward all the information received, with a signature. So, even if someone were to make a prank and send you the wrong meeting time address, the correct message from most people would be known to match it. “If more than half of the users colluded to fake it, it would be possible. This is the ‘51% attack’ that the chain cannot prevent. But if the network is large enough, it will not happen.” Wang Yu said.
他解釋，這種“鏈”的本質，就是“去中心化的記賬”，要求“即使與你無關的信息，你也要登記在案”。 He explained that the essence of this “chain” was a “decentralized account”, requiring that “even if you have nothing to do with it, you should register it”.
“鏈”沒有中心，避免了中心舞弊，各節點也不能篡改信息，稱得上公開透明。理論上，隻要是公開透明能提升效率的場景，就可能會應用區塊鏈。王羽說，比如一盒有機牛奶，如果它的生產、檢驗、包裝和流通信息，即刻上傳區塊鏈網絡，監督成本就節省了，因為用戶可以確信，這是沒人篡改的原始信息。 The chain does not have a centre, avoids central fraud, and nodes cannot tamper with information and call it public transparency. The theory is that public transparency can improve efficiency by using a chain. Wang Yu says, for example, a box of organic milk, if it produces, tests, wraps and circulates information, i.e. uploads the chain network, the monitoring costs are saved, because users can be sure that this is the original information that no one has tampered with.
而應用了區塊鏈技術的比特幣，是一套完全透明的貨幣流通系統——所有持幣者根據規則，來確定比特幣如何分配。 By contrast, the bitcoin, which uses a block of chain technology, is a fully transparent currency circulation system — all currency-holders are determined by the rules as to how the bitcoins are to be distributed.
A轉了一個比特幣給B，會通知所有人記賬。每個人都不停收到海量賬目。這筆賬需要定期驗算，好幫助達成交易﹔誰先算清楚，就會被系統按規則獎勵比特幣(隨著比特幣增多，獎勵數量越來越少)。這就叫“挖礦”。比特幣靠這一規則增發，不需要中央銀行。 A transfers a bit to B and informs everyone about the bill. Everyone keeps receiving the bill. It needs to be tested regularly to help make a deal; whoever calculates it first gets a system-by-rule reward for bitcoin (with more bitcoins and fewer rewards). This is called “mining mining.” Bitcoins increase by this rule and do not need a central bank.
王羽說，一般情況下，很難保証發行機構不濫發貨幣，但比特幣的數量完全由初始規則確定，任何人左右不了，這就是區塊鏈技術的威力。 The Wang Yu said that, in general, it would be difficult to guarantee that the issuing agency would not misdistribute the currency, but that the amount of the bit currency was entirely determined by the initial rules, and that no one could control it, which was the power of chain technology.
區塊鏈貨幣盛極而衰，早有定數
業內人士將區塊鏈行業大概分為“幣圈”和“鏈圈”。前者以虛擬貨幣為主營業務，而后者主要進行分布式記賬與實體應用銜接的落地。 The industry divides the chain of operations into “currency circles” and “chains.” The former are based on virtual currency, while the latter is mainly located in distributed accounts and physical applications.
隨著2017年比特幣的熱炒，區塊鏈技術一度與虛擬貨幣劃等號。發幣來錢快的事實，催生了行業內外“一擁而上”的現象。 With the introduction of bitcoins in 2017, the chain technology has been equated with virtual currency. The fact that money is issued quickly has given rise to a “one-on-one” phenomenon, both within and outside the industry.
一度，推出一個“生態”、發布一本“白皮書”就能圈到不菲的融資。其瘋狂、盲目程度，讓一些段子手調侃：馬桶也能進入區塊鏈，糞便也可產生價值。 At one point, the introduction of a “virtual” and the publication of a “white-skinned book” would have been a good investment. It would have been crazy and blind, and it would have allowed some segments to tangle: the toilet would have been able to enter a chain and the tungsten would have been valuable.
為了抑制瘋狂態勢，2017年9月，監管部門決定關閉中國境內虛擬貨幣的交易所。然而，相關專家表示，交易所主體不在中國，其實是轉移到了海外。 In September 2017, in an effort to curb the madness, the Department of Supervision decided to close the exchange of virtual currency in China. However, the relevant experts say that the main body of the exchange is not in China, but is transferred overseas.
眾享比特公司市場總監王洪認為，最近比特幣一落千丈，一方面是因為監管的緊縮，另一方面是資本主體的離場。業內人士表示，“因為信息不對稱、獲得信息慢等原因，最后先跑出來的肯定是散戶。”行內將其稱為“割韭菜”。 According to Wang Hong, the market director of the Henbert Corporation, the recent fall in bitcoins was due, on the one hand, to a tightening of supervision and, on the other hand, to the departure of the capital stock. According to the industry, “because of misalignment of information, slow access to information, etc., it must have been the first to run out of the house.” The company called it “cooking vegetables”.
發財夢破滅的散戶中，除了熱炒比特幣的，還有跟風買了代幣的，一些企業通過對區塊鏈技術小修小補，突出“獎勵機制”，通過“貢獻了流量”“貢獻了內存”等理由支付“代幣”，號稱“躺著就能賺錢”，煽動不勞而獲的欲望，混淆比特幣、區塊鏈概念。還有一種“被割”的，是因虛擬貨幣熱炒噱頭被誆騙的。媒體調查顯示，在二、三線城市，一些以比特幣為幌子的集資活動很容易就能從年長者手中騙走錢財，他們甚至沒有進入所謂的幣圈。 Among the disillusioned diasporas, in addition to the vending of bitcoins, there are those who buy coins from the wind, some companies, through minor repairs to the sector chain technology, highlight the “reward scheme” and pay “demonstrates” for reasons such as “contribution to the flow” “contribution to the memory”, which is known as “the money to be made by lying down”, which incites unremitting desires and confuses the concepts of bitcoins and sector chains. There is also a “cut” that is being deceived by virtual coins. Media surveys show that in two or three-line cities, some capital collections under the guise of bitcoins can easily steal money from their elders, and they do not even enter the so-called currency circles.
“獎勵機制是區塊鏈系統自帶的一個部分，它本身並不‘邪惡’。”王洪說，無論哪種虛擬貨幣都應該客觀冷靜看待﹔虛擬貨幣系統運用得當才可以派生出有市場價值的技術和應用。 “The incentive system is a part of the chain system that itself is not `evil'.” Wang Hong says that any kind of virtual currency should be treated as a matter of perspective; the virtual currency system should be used to produce technology and applications of market value.
幣退燒了，但鏈不是假的 The strong coins were burned down, but the chain wasn't fake.
“比特幣之所以那麼火，靠的是技術以外的心理、社會因素﹔它是第一個‘去中心化’的貨幣，可以吸引有相同理念的程序員加入和推廣。”王羽說，“模仿比特幣的各種幣，不可能有比特幣那麼旺的人氣，這不是技術原因。它們要吸引參與者，就得有一些特別的理念和附加的價值。但真正為了理念來投資幣圈的人，很少。” “The bitcoin is so hot that it is based on psychological and social factors other than technology; it is the first currency `decentralized' that attracts programmers with the same ideas to join and promote.” The Wang Quan said, “Imitating bitcoins of coins can't be as popular as bitcoins, which is not a technical reason. To attract participants, they have to have some particular ideas and added value. But few people actually invest in the money circle for the sake of ideas.”
或許是預料到幣圈熱度難以為繼，此前在虛擬貨幣熱炒中挖得第一桶金的一些企業早已轉型。 Perhaps it was expected that the currency circle would be hot, and some of the businesses that had previously dug up the first barrel of gold in virtual currency booms had already been transformed.
一位相關專家告訴科技日報記者，例如比特大陸從IC設計入手開始研發AI芯片，並且發現了比特幣系統早期存在的漏洞，並提出了修復方案。 A related expert told tech daily reporters, for example, that the Bitland started developing AI chips from the IC design, and discovered early gaps in the Bitcoin system and proposed rehabilitation programmes.
對於鏈圈，企業和國家層面有了更清楚的認識，也更容易接受區塊鏈的應用。2018年5月，工信部信息中心正式發布《2018年中國區塊鏈產業發展白皮書》，明確了產業發展的6大趨勢。其中展示了大量有核心專利、軟件著作權的區塊鏈技術解決方案。 In May 2018, the Information Centre of the Ministry of Trade and Communications officially released the White Paper on the Development of Chains in China, 2018, which identifies six major developments in industry. It shows a large number of technological solutions to the chain with core proprietary and software copyrights.
王羽說：“很多人早就在做區塊鏈，比特幣火之前就開始了，所以不會受影響。很多大企業也確定了區塊鏈落地的重點方向。” The Wang Yu said, "Many people make chains long before bitcoin fires, so they won't be affected. Many big businesses have determined the direction of the chain."
幣圈“退燒”，讓鏈圈也逐漸“撥開迷霧”。王洪表示，“今年落地的項目越來越多，對於新技術市場有一個認識的過程，熱炒往往幫助人們了解這個新事物，有核心技術的公司才能在‘大浪淘沙’中留下來，並推動區塊鏈技術真正走向應用。” The currency circle “reflammation”, allowing the chain to “open the fog.” Wang Hong said, “The number of projects that have landed this year is increasing and there is an understanding of the new technology market, and the boom often helps people to understand the new thing, so that companies with the core of the technology can stay in the big wave of sand, and move the chain technology towards real applications.”
(科技日報北京8月15日電) (Technology Daily, August 15, Beijing) 分享讓更多人看到 
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论