狭义来讲，区块链是一种按照时间顺序将数据区块以顺序相连的方式组合成的一种链式数据结构， 并以密码学方式保证的不可篡改和不可伪造的分布式账本。
In a narrow sense, a block chain is a chained data structure that binds the data blocks sequentially and in a cryptographicly guaranteed, non-frozen and non-falseable distribution books.
广义来讲，区块链技术是利用块链式数据结构来验证与存储数据、利用分布式节点共识算法来生成和更新数据、利用密码学的方式保证数据传输和访问的安全、利用由自动化脚本代码组成的智能合约来编程和操作数据的一种全新的分布式基础架构与计算方式。
Broadly speaking, block chain technology is a completely new distributed base structure and calculation of data programming and operation using block chain data structures, using distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, using cryptography to secure data transmission and access, and using smart contracts consisting of automated script codes.
工作原理
Rationale of work
区块链系统由数据层、网络层、共识层、激励层、合约层和应用层组成。 其中，数据层封装了底层数据区块以及相关的数据加密和时间戳等基础数据和基本算法;网络层则包括分布式组网机制、数据传播机制和数据验证机制等;共识层主要封装网络节点的各类共识算法;激励层将经济因素集成到区块链技术体系中来，主要包括经济激励的发行机制和分配机制等;合约层主要封装各类脚本、算法和智能合约，是区块链可编程特性的基础;应用层则封装了区块链的各种应用场景和案例。该模型中，基于时间戳的链式区块结构、分布式节点的共识机制、基于共识算力的经济激励和灵活可编程的智能合约是区块链技术最具代表性的创新点。
The block chain system consists of data layers, network layers, consensus layers, incentive layers, contract layers, and application layers. Among these, the data layer covers basic data and algorithms such as bottom data blocks and related data encryption and time stampes; the network layer includes distributed network mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms and data validation mechanisms; the consensus algorithms of the main network nodes of the consensus layer; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the block chain technical system, including, inter alia, distribution and distribution mechanisms of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly covers various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which form the basis for the programmable characteristics of the block chain; and the application layer covers the various applications and cases of the block chain.
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