新一轮监管风暴来临。近日，人民银行有关部门就银行和支付机构为虚拟货币交易炒作提供服务问题，约谈了工商银行、农业银行、建设银行、邮储银行、兴业银行和支付宝（中国）网络技术有限公司等部分银行和支付机构。
In recent days, the relevant departments of the People’s Bank have interviewed some of the banks and payment agencies, such as business banks, agricultural banks, construction banks, postal banks, boom banks, and payment treasures (China) Network Technology Ltd., on the issue of banks and payment institutions offering services for virtual currency transactions.
2021年以来，比特币价格依然是暴涨暴跌的一贯作风，今年两度冲上6万美元后几经波动跌至3万美元上方。一众虚拟货币也随之大起大落，虚拟货币交易炒作活动似有反弹的迹象。央行有关部门指出，虚拟货币交易炒作活动扰乱经济金融正常秩序，滋生非法跨境转移资产、洗钱等违法犯罪活动风险，严重侵害人民群众财产安全。
Since 2021, bitcoin prices have remained a pattern of sharp increases and drops, with two-degree surges of $60,000 this year and a few fluctuations over $30,000. A virtual currency has also stagnated, and the campaign of virtual currency transactions seems to have rebounded.
约谈工行、农行、建行、邮储、兴业等银行和支付宝
Interviews with banks and payment treasures such as industrial, agricultural, construction, post office, entertainment, etc.
据了解，人民银行再次强调，各银行和支付机构必须严格落实《关于防范比特币风险的通知》《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》等监管规定，切实履行客户身份识别义务，不得为相关活动提供账户开立、登记、交易、清算、结算等产品或服务。
It is understood that the People's Bank once again stresses the need for banks and payment agencies to strictly implement regulatory provisions such as the Notice on Protection against Bitcoin Risk, the Proclamation on Protection against the Risk of Financing the Issue of Currency, and to fulfil effectively their customer identification obligations, and not to provide related activities with products or services such as accounts opening, registration, transactions, liquidation, settlement, etc.
同时，央行要求各机构要全面排查识别虚拟货币交易所及场外交易商资金账户，及时切断交易资金支付链路；要分析虚拟货币交易炒作活动的资金交易特征，加大技术投入，完善异常交易监控模型，切实提高监测识别能力；要完善内部工作机制，明确分工，压实责任，保障有关监测处置措施落实到位。
At the same time, the Central Bank requires institutions to conduct comprehensive checks to identify the funds accounts of the Virtual Currency Exchange and off-site traders and to cut off the transactional funds payment chain in a timely manner; to analyse the characteristics of the financial transactions in which the virtual currency transactions are being carried out, to increase technical inputs, to improve the models for monitoring unusual transactions and to improve the detection capabilities for monitoring them; and to improve internal working mechanisms, to clarify the division of labour, to impose responsibilities and to guarantee that the relevant monitoring and disposal measures are in place.
参会机构表示，将高度重视此项工作，按照人民银行有关要求，不开展、不参与虚拟货币相关的业务活动，进一步加大排查和处置力度，采取严格措施，坚决切断虚拟货币交易炒作活动的资金支付链路。此次约谈的机构有工商银行、农业银行、建设银行、邮储银行、兴业银行和支付宝（中国）网络技术有限公司等部分银行和支付机构。
The participating institutions indicated that they would attach great importance to this work and, in accordance with the relevant requirements of the People's Bank, refrain from carrying out or participating in business activities related to virtual currency, further intensify their scrutiny and disposal efforts, and take strict measures to resolutely cut off the payment chain of funds for virtual currency transactions. The institutions interviewed included some banks and payment agencies such as the Business Bank, the Agricultural Bank, the Construction Bank, the Postal Bank, the Employing Bank and the Payment of Treasures (China) Network Technology Ltd.
值得一提的是，农业银行当日还发布了关于禁止使用本行服务用于比特币等虚拟货币交易的声明，表态将持续开展对虚拟货币交易的打击治理行动。坚决不开展、不参与任何与虚拟货币相关的业务活动，禁止涉及虚拟货币交易客户准入。一经发现相关行为，将立即采取暂停账户交易、终止客户关系等措施，并及时报告有关部门。
It is worth mentioning that the Bank of Agriculture also issued a statement on the same day on the prohibition of the use of its own services for virtual currency transactions, such as bitcoin, in which it expressed the view that it would continue its efforts to combat virtual currency transactions.
多次明令禁止，金融机构不得开展与虚拟货币相关业务
On numerous occasions, financial institutions are prohibited from engaging in virtual currency-related operations.
开展法定货币与虚拟货币兑换及虚拟货币之间的兑换业务、作为中央对手方买卖虚拟货币、为虚拟货币交易提供信息中介和定价服务、代币发行融资以及虚拟货币衍生品交易等相关交易活动，违反有关法律法规，并涉嫌非法集资、非法发行证券、非法发售代币票券等犯罪活动。
The conduct of transactions related to the exchange of legal and virtual currency, the buying and selling of virtual currency as a central counterparty, the provision of information intermediaries and pricing services for virtual currency transactions, the financing of currency issuances and the trading of virtual derivatives of currency, are in violation of the relevant laws and regulations and are suspected of criminal activities such as the illegal collection of funds, the illegal issuance of securities and the illegal sale of currency vouchers.
实际上早在2017年，监管部门就明令禁止国内金融机构和非银行支付机构不得开展与虚拟货币相关的业务。七部委《公告》指出，各金融机构和非银行支付机构不得直接或间接为代币发行融资和“虚拟货币”提供账户开立、登记、交易、清算、结算等产品或服务，不得承保与代币和“虚拟货币”相关的保险业务或将代币和“虚拟货币”纳入保险责任范围。
As early as 2017, the regulatory authority expressly prohibited domestic financial institutions and non-bank paying agencies from carrying out business related to virtual currency. The seven ministerial proclamations stated that financial institutions and non-bank paying agencies should not directly or indirectly provide accounts opening, registering, trading, liquidating, clearing, etc. products or services for the financing of money issuance and “virtual currency”, nor should they cover insurance operations related to money and “virtual currency” or include it in the scope of insurance liability.
今年5月18日，中国互联网金融协会、中国银行业协会、中国支付清算协会联合发布的《关于防范虚拟货币交易炒作风险的公告》（以下简称三协会《公告》）明确要求，有关机构不得开展与虚拟货币相关的业务。除禁止付清算、虚拟货币兑换、存储外，还不得发行相关产品、提供经营场所、营销导流等。，可以称得上是“全链条式切断”虚拟货币在中国开展业务的可能。
On May 18 this year, the Chinese Internet Finance Association, the Chinese Banking Association, and the China Payment Settlement Association issued a joint bulletin (hereinafter referred to as the Third Association Proclamation) on the prevention of the risk of virtual currency trading. The agencies concerned are not allowed to carry out business related to virtual currency.
一方面，金融机构、支付机构不得用虚拟货币为产品和服务定价，不得承保与虚拟货币相关的保险业务或将虚拟货币纳入保险责任范围，不得直接或间接为客户提供其他与虚拟货币相关的服务，包括但不限于：为客户提供虚拟货币登记、交易、清算、结算等服务；接受虚拟货币或将虚拟货币作为支付结算工具；开展虚拟货币与人民币及外币的兑换服务；开展虚拟货币的储存、托管、抵押等业务；发行与虚拟货币相关的金融产品；将虚拟货币作为信托、基金等投资的投资标的等。
On the one hand, financial institutions and payment agencies should not price products and services in virtual currency, should not cover insurance operations related to virtual currency or include virtual currency in insurance liability, and should not directly or indirectly provide customers with other services related to virtual currency, including, but not limited to: providing services related to virtual currency registration, transactions, liquidation, settlement, etc. to clients; accepting virtual currency or using it as a payment settlement tool; conducting exchange services between virtual currency and renminbi and foreign currency; carrying out virtual currency storage, trusteeship, mortgage, etc.; issuing financial products related to virtual currency; and using virtual currency as the object of investment in trusts, funds, etc.
另一方面，金融机构、支付机构应切实加强虚拟货币交易资金监测，依托行业自律机制，强化风险信息共享，提高行业风险联防联控水平；发现违法违规线索的，要及时按程序采取限制、暂停或终止相关交易、服务等措施，并向有关部门报告；同时积极运用多渠道、多元化的触达手段，加强客户宣传和警示教育，主动做好涉虚拟货币风险提示。
On the other hand, financial institutions and payment agencies should effectively strengthen the monitoring of virtual money transactions funds, relying on industry self-regulation mechanisms, enhance risk information-sharing and raise the level of industry risk-control alliances; if any leads to violations are detected, measures to limit, suspend or terminate related transactions, services, etc. are taken in a timely and procedural manner and reported to the relevant authorities; and use multiple and diversified means of reaching, enhance client awareness and alert education, and take the initiative to provide virtual currency risk alerts.
三协会《公告》要求，互联网平台企业会员单位不得为虚拟货币相关业务活动提供网络经营场所、商业展示、营销宣传、付费导流等服务，发现相关问题线索应及时向有关部门报告，并为相关调查、侦查工作提供技术支持和协助。
The III Association's Bulletin requires that business members of Internet platforms should not provide services such as web-sites, business displays, marketing promotions, fee streaming, etc. for virtual currency-related operations, that relevant leads should be reported to the relevant authorities in a timely manner, and that technical support and assistance in related investigations and investigations should be provided.
不是真正的货币，虚拟货币无真实价值支撑
It's not real money. Virtual money doesn't have real value.
虚拟货币是一种特定的虚拟商品，不由货币当局发行，不具有法偿性与强制性等货币属性，不是真正的货币，不应且不能作为货币在市场上流通使用。三协会《公告》指出，虚拟货币无真实价值支撑，价格极易被操纵，相关投机交易活动存在虚假资产风险、经营失败风险、投资炒作风险等多重风险。从我国现有司法实践看，虚拟货币交易合同不受法律保护，投资交易造成的后果和引发的损失由相关方自行承担。
Virtual currency is a specific virtual commodity that is not issued by monetary authorities, has no monetary attributes, such as legal and compulsory, and is not a real currency, and should not and cannot be used as a currency in the market. According to the three Association Bulletins, virtual currency is not supported by real values, prices are highly susceptible to manipulation, and there are multiple risks associated with speculative transactions, such as false asset risk, business failure risk, investment risk, etc. From the country’s current judicial practice, virtual currency exchange contracts are not protected by law, and the consequences and losses arising from investment transactions are borne by the parties themselves.
比特币等加密货币的价格波动性从前一段时间的表现就可窥见，数万人一夜之间爆仓。今年3月中旬比特币首度突破6万美元后回落5万美元左右后，4月中旬再度冲上6万美元高点，5月中下旬大幅跌落至3.7万美元左右。最刺激的当属5月18日、19日，比特币冲刺到4万美元关口后一路下跌，24小时内跌幅一度达30%。与此同时，美国最大的数字加密货币交易所Coinbase19日出现宕机，另一家交易平台“币安”（Binance）19日上午宣布，将暂停一些加密数字货币提现。受此影响，不少用户错失交易机会。虽然比特币等加密货币价格随后有所反弹，但仍有超过50万人在这期间爆仓。
The price volatility of encrypted currencies, such as Bitcoin, has been visible for some time, with tens of thousands of people crashing overnight. After the first breakthrough of $60,000 in mid-March, Bitcoin fell back around $50,000 in mid-April, again hit a high point of $60,000 in mid-May, falling sharply to some $370 million in mid-May.
复旦大学金融研究院兼职研究员董希淼分析指出，虚拟货币无序炒作、野蛮发展，侵蚀国家货币主权，扰乱经济金融秩序，严重危害国家金融安全。虚拟货币去中心化和匿名性，如果缺乏有力监管，则为跨境洗钱和恐怖犯罪活动提供了便利条件。而暴涨暴跌的行情会加剧金融市场动荡，或有诱发系统性金融风险的可能。
A part-time researcher at the Institute of Financial Studies at the University of Gangan noted that virtual currency hysteria, barbarism, erosion of national monetary sovereignty, disruption of the economic and financial order, and serious risks to national financial security. The centralization and anonymity of virtual money, if not robust regulation, facilitated cross-border money-laundering and terrorist crimes.
此前，监管部门已下发过多份关于防范虚拟货币风险的文件。2013年12月，央行等五部委《关于防范比特币风险的通知》就明确了比特币的性质，认为比特币不是由货币当局发行，不具有法偿性与强制性等货币属性，并不是真正意义的货币。
In December 2013, the Central Bank and five other ministries’ Circular on Protection against Bitcoin Risk clarified the nature of Bitcoin, arguing that it was not issued by monetary authorities, that it had no monetary attributes, such as legal and mandatory, and that it was not real currency.
2017年9月，中国央行、中央网信办、工业和信息化部、工商总局、原银监会、证监会、原保监会联合发布《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》（以下简称七部委《公告》），叫停ICO（首次代币发行），并要求任何所谓的代币融资交易平台不得从事法定货币与代币、“虚拟货币”相互之间的兑换业务，不得买卖或作为中央对手方买卖代币或“虚拟货币”，不得为代币或“虚拟货币”提供定价、信息中介等服务。
In September 2017, the Central Bank of China, the Central Networking Office, the Ministry of Industry and Informatics, the General Directorate of Commerce and Industry, the former Banking Supervisory Board, the Securities Supervisory Board and the former Commission issued a joint bulletin on protection against the risk of financing the issuance of tokens (hereinafter referred to as the VII Ministerial Notice) calling for the suspension of the ICO (the first issuance of tokens) and requiring that no so-called money-financing transaction platform engage in the exchange of legal currencies with tokens, “virtual currencies”, trading in or trading in tokens or “virtual currencies” as a central counterpart, and providing services such as pricing, information intermediation and the like.
中国互联网金融协会紧随其后发布的《关于防范比特币等所谓“虚拟货币”风险的提示》表示，不法分子也往往利用交易平台获取所谓“虚拟货币”以从事相关非法活动，存在较大的法律风险，近期大量交易平台因支持代币发行融资活动(ICO)已被监管部门叫停。各类所谓“币”的交易平台在我国并无合法设立的依据。
The Chinese Internet Finance Association (CIFA) immediately followed the “Standards for Protection against the Risk of so-called “virtual currency” such as Bitcoin,” stating that illegal elements also often use trading platforms to obtain so-called “virtual currency” for related illegal activities, and that there is a greater legal risk that a large number of trading platforms have recently been shut down by the regulatory authorities in support of the financing of the issuance of tokens (ICO). The various types of so-called “currency” trading platforms have no legal basis in our country.
三协会表示，广大消费者要增强风险意识，树立正确的投资理念，不参与虚拟货币交易炒作活动，谨防个人财产及权益受损。要珍惜个人银行账户，不用于虚拟货币账户充值和提现、购买和销售相关交易充值码以及划转相关交易资金等活动，防止违法使用和个人信息泄露。
The three associations say that consumers at large need to be more risk-aware, develop a sound investment concept, do not engage in virtual currency trading campaigns, and guard against the erosion of personal property and interests.
（编辑：李伊琳）
(Edit: Lee Elin)
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