连点成线、串块成链。近年来，随着越来越多区块链应用场景的落地，这一新技术名词离我们越来越近。区块链已成为智慧城市浪潮中一个重要角色，对于推进政务改革、加快“数字政府”建设，区块链有哪些“独门高招”？请跟随经济日报记者到深圳看一看。
This new technology term has come closer and closer in recent years, as more and more block chains have been applied. Block chains have become an important player in the wave of smart cities to advance political reform and accelerate & & & & & & & & ; digital governments & & & & quo; construction, which & & & & & & & & & & & & Qu; follow economic daily journalists to Shenzhen.
受数字化浪潮影响，运用区块链、大数据、云计算等前沿技术推动管理手段、管理模式、管理理念创新，正让城市变得越来越智慧、越来越“聪明”。近年来，区块链技术在推进政务改革、加快“数字政府”建设中发挥了重要作用，各地在政务服务创新方面也纷纷开始向“区块链”要办法。
Under the influence of the digital wave, the use of cutting-edge technologies such as block chains, big data, cloud computing to promote management tools, management models, management ideas and innovations is making cities increasingly wise and smart and & & & & & ;. In recent years, block chain technologies have been driving political reform and accelerating & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &.
“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要指出，“以联盟链为重点发展区块链服务平台和金融科技、供应链管理、政务服务等领域应用方案”。从概念到应用，从技术创新到顶层设计，区块链已不再高深莫测。那么，区块链在智慧城市浪潮中具体扮演何种角色？在政务服务创新方面有什么具体应用？还有哪些发展空间？近日，经济日报记者前往深圳，从区块链落地的具体应用场景中寻找答案。
& & & & & & & & ; 14 & & rdquo; planning and vision outline for 2035 states that & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & # 2035, & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 2035 & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & &, & & & & # 2035 & & &, &,, & & & & & & & & &,,, & & &, & &,,, & & &, & & & & & &
科技赋能解决“痛点”
Technology enabling solutions & ldquao; pain spots & rdquao;
一直以来，纳税人排长队、办税程序繁琐、重复或多头报送涉税资料等问题长期困扰着税务部门和纳税人。如何通过科技赋能解决“痛点”，提升税务管理水平，为纳税人提供更便利的服务，是各地一直在探索的问题。
Tax authorities and taxpayers have long been plagued by long queues of taxpayers, cumbersome tax procedures, repeated or multiple reports of tax-related information. How to solve & ldquao; pain spots & & rdquao; and raising the level of tax administration to provide more convenient services to taxpayers is an issue that has been being explored everywhere.
区块链技术作为一种提升社会治理能力的新型技术工具，其价值近年来愈发凸显。“区块链技术与税收治理具有高度契合性，在提升税收治理能力和服务水平上有很大应用空间。”深圳市税务局副局长李伟说。
The value of block chain technology as a new technological tool to enhance social governance has gained prominence in recent years. & & ldquo; the high degree of convergence between block chain technology and tax governance and the scope for application in raising tax governance capacity and service levels. & & rdquo; and Lee Wei, Deputy Director of the Shenzhen Revenue Authority, said.
深圳在税收科技创新方面做了不少有益探索。2018年，深圳市税务局与腾讯公司联合成立“智税”创新实验室，重点研究云计算、人工智能、区块链、大数据等技术在税务管理、电子发票应用等方面的解决方案。
Shenzhen has done a lot of useful research in tax technology and innovation. In 2018, the Shenzhen City Revenue Authority, in association with TSC, set up & ldquo; smart tax & rdquo; and the Innovation Laboratory, which focuses on solutions in such technologies as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, block chains, big data, etc., in tax administration and electronic invoice applications.
“我们希望依托人工智能、区块链、大数据等为代表的新一代信息技术，推动税收治理的创新和现代化发展。”李伟告诉记者，将区块链技术集成应用到税收领域，不仅可以达到提升管理效能、优化信息管税的效果，还能助力数据生产要素在政务部门间双向流动，从而打通数据壁垒，提升管理服务效能。此外，税务局对外部经济数据生产要素的捕捉、对税收数据生产要素关系链的补充和融合，也有助于税收信息化从系统内集成向社会集成升级。
& & ldquo; We want to promote innovation and modernization in tax governance through a new generation of information technologies represented by artificial intelligence, block chains, big data etc. & others. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & ; & & & & & & & & & &, & & &,,,,, & & & & &,,,,, &, &,, &,,,,, & &,, & &, & &
据介绍，利用区块链技术不可篡改、可溯源等特点契合税务应用需求的优势，深圳市税务局与腾讯公司开启了“区块链+税务”的首次实践，率先体验了区块链带来的技术红利。2018年8月10日，经国家税务总局批复同意，深圳上线了区块链电子发票系统，并开出了全国首张区块链电子发票。这是“智税”创新实验室孵化的第一个产品，也是国内首个“区块链+发票”生态体系应用研究成果。
On 10 August 2018, with the approval of the National Tax Administration, Shenzhen went up the line with a system of electronic invoicing of the chain and opened the first electronic invoicing of the chain in the country. These are &ldquao; & & & tax & rdquao; the first product of the innovation laboratory, which was also the first in the country & & & ldquao; + invoice & rdquao; and the results of research on the application of the ecological system.
“消费者结完账就可以自己在微信上开具区块链电子发票，完全不需要人工录入信息，也不用额外的硬件支持，非常方便。”开出全国首张区块链电子发票的深圳国贸餐饮有限公司餐厅运营经理代江华感叹。区块链技术让发票网上领用成为现实，消费者在手机微信上点击领票，税务机关审核后就能发放票据，真正实现了让群众“多走网路、少走马路”。
& & ldquo; Consumers can write their own e-invoices for block chains on micromails, without any need for manual entry of information or additional hardware support. & & & & & & & & & & & & easy access; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ;
区块链电子发票底层技术提供方、腾讯公司区块链技术总经理李茂材告诉记者，以往如果消费者要开发票，必须向商家提供开票个人姓名或单位票号，遇上开票人数多的情况还要长时间排队等候，而区块链电子发票很好地解决了这一问题，具备快速推广和应用的基础。
The technical provider at the bottom of the block chain of electronic invoices and the technical manager of the tether company block chain of technology, Lee Mo-chul, told journalists that in the past, when consumers wanted to invoice, they had to provide vendors with the name or unit number of the person who had to open the ticket, and that in cases where the number of tickets was high, they had to wait for a long period of time, and that the electronic invoice for the block chain was a good solution to the problem and had a basis for rapid roll-out and application.
相较于传统发票，区块链电子发票优势明显，不仅开具和领取方便快捷，围绕“发票资产化、数据价值化”，它将发票的开具、流转、报销和申报全流程上链，每一张发票都可查、可验、可信、可追溯、可管控，解决了发票流转过程中一票多报、虚报虚抵、真假难验等问题，降低用票企业财务管理风险和涉税风险，也为纳税人带来诸多实惠。
In contrast to traditional invoices, the advantage of the block chain electronic invoice is evident, not only in its ease and speed of issuance and receipt, around & & & & & & & & & & & & ; in its assetization, data & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Q & & & & & Q & & & & & & Q & & & & & Q & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Q & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Q & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Q & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & # & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & / & & & & & & & & & & &
如今在深圳，交通出行、差旅费报销等都不再需要“贴发票”，人们在日常生活的方方面面都能体验到“链上开票”的快捷：外出就餐开票不用“排长队”，一键申请就能开票；超市购物无须“手写抬头、机打发票”，付款后1分钟内实现“交易即开票”……区块链电子发票给群众带来了实实在在的便利。
Today in Shenzhen, traffic trips, travel claims, etc. are no longer required “ invoiced & rdquao; &ldquao are experienced in every aspect of daily life; chain tickets & rdquao; speed: tickets for meals are not &ldquao; long queues & rdquao; one key is allowed to open tickets; supermarket shopping is not required & ldquao; handwriting, machine-call invoices & & rdquao; & & & ldquao is achieved within one minute of payment; transactions are ticket opening & & rdquao; … & Hellip; and electronic invoices for district chains provide real convenience to the population.
多点开花惠及生活
More flowers for life.
区块链发票一经推出就获得广泛关注，但这项新技术的实际推广是否顺利？应用领域和路径又有哪些拓展？
As soon as the block chain invoice was introduced, there was widespread interest, but was the actual roll-out of this new technology going well? What were the areas of application and pathways expanded?
记者在采访中了解到，2018年12月，深圳区块链电子发票系统与微信支付平台联通，打开了区块链电子发票的通用入口，依托于移动支付的高渗透率，迅速在众多小微企业间铺开。与此同时，区块链的应用场景也实现更多突破。
In an interview, journalists learned that in December 2018, the Shenzhen block chain electronic invoice system was connected to the micro-payment platform, opening the common entrance to the block chain electronic invoice, relying on the high penetration rate of mobile payments, which quickly opened between a large number of micro-enterprises. At the same time, more breakthroughs were made in the application of the block chain.
交通出行是最早引入区块链技术的民生服务领域之一。2019年3月18日，在深圳市福田交通枢纽地铁站，乘客扫码出站后通过微信扣费记录开出了区块链电子发票；深圳市的部分出租车、机场大巴330全线也先后接入区块链电子发票，实现发票开具全程网上办。
On March 18, 2019, at the Fukuda underground station in Shenzhen City, an electronic invoice for the block chain was posted by means of a micro-knit record, and part of Shenzhen City’s taxi, airport bus 330, was connected to the chain electronic invoice, which enabled the invoice to be issued online.
“从使用者的直观感受来说，区块链电子发票无需专用设备，全程手机自助操作，票据保存几乎零成本。”腾讯智慧交通总经理宋凌云说，这不仅方便乘客，也大大节约企业开票时间、硬件和人工成本，提升管理运营效率。“以深圳地铁为例，区块链电子发票上线后，可实现每天17万人次线上自助开票，每年仅发票印制成本就能节约40万元。”
& & ldquo; e-invoices for block chains do not require special equipment, full-time mobile phone self-help operations, and paper retention costs are almost zero. & & & & & & & & & & & Wisdom Transport General Manager Song Lingyun said that not only is it easy for passengers, but it also provides significant savings in business time, hardware and manual costs to improve management efficiency. & & & ldquo; taking the Shenzhen subway, for example, the electronic invoice for block chains is online, which allows 170,000 self-help tickets per day, resulting in a saving of 400,000 yuan per year on the cost of printing invoices alone. & & & & rdquao;
交通行业并非区块链电子发票系统覆盖的唯一民生领域。记者在调查中发现，围绕民生关切和群众需求，深圳区块链电子发票的深化应用优先投入到了与衣食住行相关的行业，在推出半年内便覆盖了金融保险、零售商超、酒店餐饮、停车服务、互联网服务、交通出行等众多领域。
The transport industry is not the only area of livelihood covered by the block chain electronic invoice system. In the survey, journalists found that, around the concerns and needs of the population, the deeper application of the Shenzhen block electronic invoice was given priority to the industries associated with food, clothing, and housing, covering a wide range of areas such as financial insurance, retailing, hotel catering, parking services, Internet services, and travel within six months of its introduction.
拓展民生领域应用场景的同时，区块链电子发票还逐渐从开票率和发票面额相对较低的地铁、餐饮等场景逐渐向高开票率、高面额的家电、房地产等场景拓展，相继在爱尔眼科医院、国美电器和恒大地产上线使用。随着应用场景逐渐增多，区块链电子发票功能也在不断完善。
Along with the expansion of the application landscape in the area of human life, the electronic invoice of the block chain has gradually expanded from a scenario of relatively low ticket openings and bills to one of high ticket openings, high-mass household electricity, real estate, etc. The electronic invoice function of the block chain has been improving as the application has grown.
“新冠肺炎疫情期间，我们推出了区块链电子发票‘极速版’，实现从注册、领票、开票到报销的全流程线上化，实现‘无接触’办理，切实解决了纳税人领票难、取票难、开票难的‘痛点’，有力助推复工复产。”深圳市税务局征管和科技发展处处长李荣辉告诉记者。
& & ldquo; during the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, we introduced a block chain electronic invoice &lsquao; an extremely fast &rsquao; full process line up from registration, receipt, opening to reimbursement to &lsquao; no contact &rsquao; processing, which effectively solved the problem of taxpayers receiving, taking and opening &lsquao; pain & rsquao; and a strong boost to the recovery of labor. & & & & & & & Rsquao; Lee Yong-hui, Chief of the Tax Administration and Science and Technology Development Service of Shenzhen City, told journalists.
数据显示，截至2020年底，深圳区块链电子发票开票量达3300万张，开票金额超过390亿元，应用场景覆盖百余行业。以往深圳各办税服务大厅“人山人海、人头攒动”的场面已一去不复返。区块链电子发票项目还获得了2019年度深圳市“市长质量奖”服务类金奖，成为深圳智慧城市建设的一张亮丽名片。
The data show that, by the end of 2020, 33 million electronic invoices for the Shenzhen block chain had been opened, amounting to more than $39 billion, and that the applications covered more than 100 industries. In the past, the tax service halls in Shenzhen had been set up in & & & & & & rdquao; the scene had been closed. The block chain electronic invoice project also received the 2019 Shenzhen city & & ldquao; the Mayor's & & rdquao; and the Service Gold Award, which became a brilliant business card for the construction of Shenzhen City of Wisdom.
管理效能有效提升
Effective improvement in management effectiveness
区块链电子发票的成功实践，展现出区块链技术在社会治理及公共服务领域广阔的应用空间。如何进一步深化区块链技术应用，使其更有效地服务社会治理现代化，成为深圳探索的新方向。
The successful practice of e-invoicing of block chains demonstrates the wide range of applications of block chain technology in the areas of social governance and public services. How to further deepen the application of block chain technology so that it more effectively serves the modernization of social governance is a new direction to be explored in Shenzhen.
记者了解到，以往纳税人代缴车船税后，当场只能拿到保单或电子缴款凭证，完税证明要等保险公司或海事局完成代征税款结报后再到办税大厅换开。现在，登录微信小程序“税务数字钱包”，点击“换开完税证明”按钮，短短几分钟内就能获得电子版本的车船税完税证明——这是数字化时代深圳继推出区块链电子发票后，又一项利用区块链技术在税收服务领域的创新应用。
Journalists learned that in the past, once taxpayers paid the tax on a car ship, they could only obtain insurance policies or electronic certificates of contribution on the spot, and that tax clearance certificates were required until insurance companies or maritime authorities had settled their tax receipts before going to the tax hall. Now, login the micro-credit applet &ldquao; tax digital wallet & rdquao; click & & ldquao; replace tax clearance certificates & rdquao; buttons that would be available in a few minutes for an electronic version of the tax clearance certificate & mdash; and & mdash; this is an innovative application in the area of tax services using block chain technology after the digital age of Shenzhen’s roll-out of the chain electronic invoice.
“区块链技术的应用既解决了代收代缴、委托代征场景中开票的不便，又保证了税票信息实时上链、真实、不被篡改，对于需要查验税票信息的第三方，也可保证其实时查验。”李伟说。
& ldquo; the application of block chain technology both solves the inconvenience of charging, commissioning and opening tickets on the scene, and ensures that information on tax tickets is connected in real time, true and not tampered with, as well as in the case of third parties that need to check information on tax tickets. & rdquo; Li Wei said.
深圳市还将区块链应用到了更多政务管理层面。2019年11月21日，深圳市税务局、深圳市公安局、深圳海关、中国人民银行深圳市中心支行联合开发的“深圳四部门信息情报交换平台”上线，平台运用区块链技术建立起查询数据列表，信息情报数据实现“链上交互”，可自动查询、自动比对、自动处理，有助于推进部门间数据的共同维护和利用，联合开展监控分析和预警应对，增强监管的实时性、精准性，从而提升联合打击涉税违法犯罪的能力和水平。
On 21 November 2019, the Shenzhen Municipal Revenue Authority, the Shenzhen City Public Security Bureau, Shenzhen Customs, and the Shenzhen City Branch of the People's Bank of China jointly developed & ldquao; the Shenzhen Four Sector Information Exchange Platform & & rdquao; the Upline, which uses block chain technology to create search data lists to achieve & ldquao; interactive & rdquao in the chain; and the ability and level of joint efforts to combat tax-related offences by automatically searching, comparing and processing data, contributing to the common maintenance and use of inter-agency data, joint surveillance analysis and early warning responses, and enhancing the real-time and accurate nature of supervision.
“以前我们与公安、住建等部门交换信息，需要来回跑动，现在通过新平台就能和这些部门共享信息。”深圳市税务局个人所得税处工作人员介绍，2020年1月深圳市推出了自然人信息共享智慧平台，依托区块链技术“分布式实时存储”功能，推动了多部门实现信息资源整合，为信息交互传递提供了更加准确、高效、安全的渠道。
& & ldquo; we used to exchange information with the public security, residential, etc., and we need to run back and forth, and we can now share information with these sectors through new platforms. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & ; & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & ; ; ; & & & & ; & & & & & ; & & & & ; & & & & ; & & & ; ; ; & & ; ; & & & ; & & ; & ; ; & & ; ; ; & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & ; ; & & & & & & ; ; ; ; ; & & & ; ; ; ; & & & & & ; & & & ; ; & ;
围绕更大范围的信息共享平台建设，区块链技术加速了深圳跨部门协作进度，促进提升了社会治理效能。2020年5月9日，深圳市税务局与腾讯集团、平安集团、中装建设集团、欣旺达电子股份有限公司联合签署合作框架协议，共同打造了“税务—产业”联盟链，通过使用跨链技术打通税务链、金融链、产业链的数据通道，发挥联盟链各方在各自领域的辐射作用，使企业、金融机构、税务机关共享联盟链上的信息，实现联盟链各方实质、有力的协同，从而降低成本，提升协作效率，让链上企业享受到便捷、精准、可信、一站式的综合性服务，更好激发实体经济活力。
Building a wider information-sharing platform, block-chain technology has accelerated cross-sectoral collaboration in Shenzhen and contributed to improved social governance effectiveness. On 9 May 2020, the Shenzhen City Revenue Authority, jointly signed a framework agreement for cooperation with the Toyote Group, the Peace Group, the China-Construction Group, Hinwanda Electronics, Inc., to create “ tax & mdash; industry & & rdquo; union-chain, using cross-link technology to connect tax, financial and industrial chain data channels, to use the radiation role of all parties in the alliance chain in their respective areas, to enable enterprises, financial institutions and tax authorities to share information on the alliance chain and achieve substantive and strong synergy among all parties in the alliance chain, thereby reducing costs and increasing the efficiency of collaboration and enabling enterprises in the chain to benefit from high-speed, accurate, credible and one-stop packages of integrated services to better stimulate the economic dynamism of the entity.
“以企业在联盟链上申请融资贷款为例。企业可以自主将税务数据和生产经营数据通过联盟链一键式提交给金融机构进行审核，这既降低了多方协作成本，又大大缩短贷款审批时间，还降低了放贷风险，实现了多方共赢。”李伟对联盟链应用前景充满信心。
& ldquo; Take as an example an enterprise’s application for a loan on the alliance chain. An enterprise can submit tax and production data to financial institutions for review on its own initiative through a single key in the chain, which reduces the cost of multiple collaborations, significantly shortens the time taken to approve loans, and reduces the risk of lending and achieves multiple win-wins. ” Li Wei has confidence in the prospects of applying the chain.
记者了解到，下一步，深圳还将向更多政府部门和商事主体开放区块链应用场景，将已有经验成果推广应用到民政、财政、金融、市监、工信、人社、司法等部门，加快完善市场主体的救助和退出渠道，打造更加优良的营商环境。（经济日报-中国经济网记者 杨阳腾）
Journalists have learned that Shenzhen will also open the block chain to a larger number of government departments and commercial subjects, applying the results of its experience to civil affairs, finance, finance, municipal supervision, workers’ letters, people’s organizations, the judiciary, etc., to speed up the rescue and exit channels for market players and create a better business environment. (The daily newspaper, China’s economic network, Yang Yangyang)
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