·公司的核心团队可以只有两到三个人在香港，而其他团队则可以在全球任何地方。如果是深圳和香港合作，那将更加方便，就像前店后厂的模式。
· 当安全性不再是核心问题，当我们进入应用层面，考虑的是效率、成本、迭代速度、用户服务和体验时，华人的项目就有了更大的机会。
when security is no longer the core issue, when we go to the application level and consider efficiency, cost, iterative speed, user service and experience, Chinese projects have greater opportunities.
香港数码港管理有限公司董事、Nano Labs创始人及CEO孔剑平。
6月1日起，香港将允许零售投资者在持牌平台上交易虚拟资产。这是香港自去年以来一系列推动Web3.0发展举措的最新重大进展。“我们认为香港发展Web3.0的机会非常大。”近日，香港数码港管理有限公司董事孔剑平在接受澎湃科技（www.thepaper.cn）采访时表示，Web3.0的特性是分布式的，这种结构非常适合香港、新加坡和迪拜等“小”地方的发展。
As of 1 June, Hong Kong will allow retail investors to trade virtual assets on a licensed platform. This is the latest significant development in Hong Kong since last year in a series of initiatives to promote Web3.0 development. “We believe that Hong Kong has a great opportunity to develop Web3.0.” In a recent interview at www.thepaper.cn, Hong Kong Digital Ports Management Ltd., Director Koo Kenping stated that Web3.0 is a distributed feature that is well suited to the development of “small” places such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Dubai.
基于最近两年对全球多地Web3.0政策的考察，孔剑平分享了他对从越南到哈萨克斯坦等地的观察，并认为美国趋严的监管政策在“达到底线和极致之后”会得到纠正。
On the basis of a global search of the Web3.0 policy over the past two years, Confucius shared his observations of places from Viet Nam to Kazakhstan, among others, and argued that the tightening regulatory policy of the United States would be corrected “after reaching the finish line and extreme”.
孔剑平是浙江绍兴人，2009年进入半导体行业，2012年进入区块链行业，现任浙江毫微科技有限公司（Nano Labs）创始人及CEO，曾任嘉楠耘智董事会联席主席，先后带领嘉楠科技和毫微科技上市纳斯达克。其同时担任浙江省半导体行业协会副理事长、清华大学全球证券市场研究院理事等社会职务。
Kong Sengping, a semiconductor, entered the semiconductor industry in 2009, entered the block chain industry in 2012, and is currently the founder of Nano Labs and CEO, who served as co-chair of the Jiannan Jianjin Jie Board of Directors and led Kana and millimetric technology to the city of Nasdak. He also holds social positions such as the Vice-President of the Zhejiang Province Semiconductor Industry Association and the Director of the Global Securities Market Research Institute of the University of Tsinghua.
“一超一强多元”的格局
"one super strong diversity" pattern
澎湃科技：去年和今年，你环球考察美国、新加坡、日本、韩国、巴哈马、越南、哈萨克斯坦等十多个地方的Web3.0政策。对当前全球Web3.0监管有什么整体观察吗？
: Last year and this year, you went around the globe to more than a dozen places in the United States, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, the Bahamas, Viet Nam, Kazakhstan, and the Web 3.0 policy. Any overall observations on the current global regulation of Web3.0?
孔剑平：从监管角度看，我认为目前形成了一种“一超一强多元”的格局。美国有全球性的“长臂管辖”能力，让其在全球范围内享有特殊的监管地位。中国影响力正在日益增强。另外，在“多元”的格局中，形成包括以迪拜为主的中东区域，以中国香港、新加坡、日本和韩国为代表的亚洲板块等。哈萨克斯坦等国也可以发展挖矿等特色产业。
From a regulatory point of view, I think that there is now a pattern of “exceeding power and diversity.” The United States has a global “long-arm” capacity that gives it a special regulatory status around the world. China is gaining a growing influence. In the “multiple” scenario, there is also a region of the Middle East that is dominated by Dubai, with Asian plates, such as Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Japan, and South Korea.
澎湃科技：美国现在监管趋紧，产业和人才有外迁的趋势，你怎么看这个问题？
: What do you think of this problem when the United States now has tighter regulations and a trend towards emigration of industry and talent?
孔剑平：我认为，在FTX事件发生前，美国的监管态度整体来说是积极的，因为FTX被看作明日之星，当时有一个良好的趋势。然而，在FTX破产后，我认为可以从3个方面来看这个问题。
一是监管机构想要与这个行业划清界限。为了实现这一目标，唯一的方式就是不断对这个行业施加更大的压力，明确告诉大家，监管机构与该行业利益无关。因此，我们看到监管趋势变得更严格，这实际上是受到FTX的影响，因为如果不采取这样的措施，人们可能会误以为监管机构与FTX是同流合污的。我认为这在目前阶段是一个正常的现象。
The only way to achieve this is to keep putting more pressure on the industry and to make it clear that it has nothing to do with the interests of the industry. Thus, we see a more stringent regulatory trend, which is actually influenced by FTX, because if such measures are not taken, one may mistakenly assume that the regulators are in the same stream as FTX. I think this is normal at this stage.
二是美国证券交易委员会（SEC）与商品期货交易委员会（CFTC）在管辖权问题上的竞争。这其实也是正常的，因为谁能对这个市场有监管权，肯定会对相关部门有利。因此两个机构进行了角力，客观上也造成了对具体行业的影响。
Second, there is competition between the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on jurisdictional issues. This is also normal, because whoever has the right to regulate this market will certainly benefit the relevant sector.
第三，我认为，随着FTX事件的影响过去，以及监管对这个行业的试探达到底线和极致之后，必然会有其他力量出现来纠正这个问题，以确保美国在这个赛道上持续的创新和引导地位，这肯定是美国的目标。美国会持续努力实现其整体一致性，这包括最近几天总统参选人小罗伯特·肯尼迪（Robert F. Kennedy Jr.）公开强调要确保美国成为比特币的中心。此外，我们也看到前些天在国会众议院金融服务委员会的听证会上，很多议员表达了观点，担忧过严的监管可能会让美国失去这个中心的地位。
Thirdly, I believe that, as the impact of the FTX events has passed, and as the regulatory tests of the industry have been brought to an end and extreme, there will certainly be other forces to correct the problem to ensure that America’s continuing innovation and leadership on this track is certainly America’s goal. America will continue to work to achieve its overall coherence, including the public emphasis in recent days on ensuring that America is the centre of Bitcoin, as President Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
澎湃科技：Web3.0的监管有什么特点？各地区发展有什么趋势？
: What are the characteristics of regulation of Web3.0 ? What are the regional trends?
孔剑平：在互联网时代，全球金融中心主要集中在美国、伦敦和香港。然而，在区块链时代，我们需要从创新者和用户所在地这两个角度去思考。目前看来，全球范围内具有创新和扩张能力的主要是华人和美国人。因此，美国和香港将必然成为两大中心。至于其他地区，那就要看创新者和用户的数量了。
In the Internet age, global financial centres are concentrated in the United States, London, and Hong Kong. However, we need to think in terms of both the innovator and the user.
在区块链世界，用户有许多选择。在短期内，国家和地区的文化因素可能会产生一些影响，但更多的是文化习惯对用户习惯和互动方式的影响。
In the block chain world, users have many choices. In the short term, cultural factors at the national and regional levels may have some impact, but more so the influence of cultural practices on user habits and modes of interaction.
澎湃科技：考察里有什么特别的见闻能跟我们分享吗？
Technology: Do you have anything special to share with us?
孔剑平：我曾去过十几个国家，其中有几个国家的问题可能是大家未曾想到的。以越南为例，去年越南的经济表面上看似良好，但实际上，他们前一年经济表现很差，负增长六点几个百分点。因此，去年越南经济数字看起来好的原因其实是前一年的基数很低。
In Viet Nam, for example, last year’s economy appeared to be looking good, but in fact, they had a poor economic performance of the previous year, with negative growth of six points. Thus, last year’s good economic figures in Viet Nam were actually due to the low base of the previous year.
我的实地考察发现，越南的经济状况正在逐步恶化。今年一季度的数据显得很差。这就说明了，有时候我们不能只看媒体报道，而需要去现场考察。媒体可能会报道越南经济繁荣，增长速度在全球范围内最快，但实际上，许多工厂已经停工，或者正在进行大规模裁员。在这种情况下，我们怎么能说经济状况良好呢？
My field trip found that Viet Nam’s economic situation was deteriorating. The data for the first quarter of this year were very poor. This shows that sometimes we cannot just look at the media, but we have to go to the field. The media may report that Vietnam’s economy is booming and growing at the fastest rate in the world, but in fact, many factories have stopped working or are in the process of mass layoffs.
对于哈萨克斯坦，这个国家的情况也在变化。相比以前，哈萨克斯坦现在更加开放。过去，它一直在俄罗斯的影响下，但现在，许多年轻而有实力的俄罗斯人已经选择去欧洲或哈萨克斯坦。因此，哈萨克斯坦现在正成为中亚地区的新焦点，同时也带来了新的机遇。
For Kazakhstan, the situation is changing. Kazakhstan is now more open than before. It has been under Russian influence, but now many young and powerful Russians have chosen to go to Europe or Kazakhstan.
每个国家和地区的市场状况都各不相同。例如，日本社区的封闭性使外来者难以进入，而韩国年轻人的活跃度则相当高。巴哈马距离美国近，因此FTX当时选择在巴哈马落户。而中国香港背靠中国大陆，因此有其吸引力。然而，你会发现在巴哈马开展任何业务都需要支付巨大的律师费用和沟通成本。而在香港，这些成本就没这么高。因此，在香港政策出台前后，我们一直大力推广香港。经过我的考察，我认为香港在各方面都是最优选择。香港可以和欧美比法制，和大陆比效率。
For example, the closed nature of the Japanese community makes it difficult for outsiders to enter, while young Koreans are quite active. The Bahamas is close to the United States, so FTX chose to settle in the Bahamas. Hong Kong, China, depends on mainland China, which makes it attractive.
Web3.0与Web2.0人才配置方式不同
澎湃科技：第一次与港府高科技金融监管层接触是什么时候，能给我们讲讲吗？
: When was the first time that was in contact with the High Technology Financial Supervisory Authority of Hong Kong, could you tell us about it?
孔剑平：实际上，早在2018年，当我们计划在香港上市时，我们就与SFC（香港证监会）和香港交易所进行了交流，我们为他们做了很多行业分析，并让律师提供了很多法律意见。但那个时候，区块链行业还处于早期阶段。后来，我们也与议员们进行了交流，探讨行业的发展机会可能在哪里。
In fact, as early as 2018, when we were planning to be listed in Hong Kong, we interacted with the SFC (Censorship Commission of Hong Kong) and the Hong Kong Exchange, and we did a lot of industry analysis for them and gave lawyers a lot of legal advice. But at that time, the block chain industry was still at an early stage. And later, we talked with parliamentarians to see where the opportunities for development of the industry might be.
澎湃科技：什么时候确定香港会选择Web3.0、Web3.0会发生在香港？
: When did determine that Hong Kong would choose Web3.0 and Web3.0 would happen in Hong Kong?
孔剑平：我觉得香港政府认识到了区块链行业的发展机会，并于去年10月底发布了公开的政策宣言。我们有幸看到，2月的财政预算案已经将视野扩大到了Web3.0，而不仅仅是加密货币和加密货币交易。这表明香港正以金融和科技双轮驱动的方式寻求发展。
I think the Hong Kong government has recognized the development opportunities of the block chain industry and issued an open policy declaration at the end of October last year. We are fortunate to see that the February fiscal bill has expanded the horizon to Web3.0, not just encrypt currency and encrypt currency transactions.
在Web2.0时代，发展需要广泛的人才基础支持。按照“木桶理论”，全球只有中国和美国两个国家会有批量诞生顶级互联网公司的可能性，其他地区与这两个地区相比显得相形见绌，这主要是因为他们的人才储备不足。因此，只有人口众多、有统一大市场的地方，才可能批量出现顶级互联网公司。这并不是说人口众多就一定能出现顶级公司，但至少人才基础是必要条件。因此，无论是新加坡还是迪拜，虽然他们投入了大量资金，但由于人才储备不足，很难批量出现Web2.0巨头公司。即使有公司选择在这些地方设立总部，其实际的运营人员可能依然集中在中国大陆或美国。
In the Web 2.0 era, development requires a broad human base. According to the barrel theory, only China and the United States have the possibility of mass birth of top Internet companies globally, and other regions appear to be dwarfed by a shortage of talent reserves, mainly because of their large population and large consolidated markets.
但Web3.0的特性是分布式的，这种结构非常适合香港、新加坡和迪拜等地方的发展。因此，我们认为香港发展Web3.0的机会非常大。公司的核心团队可以只有两到三个人在香港，而其他团队则可以在全球任何地方。不同团队可以根据不同业务需求拥有不同的技能分布和业务分工。如果是深圳和香港合作，那将更加方便，就像前店后厂的模式。
But the Web3.0 feature is distributed, and this structure is well suited to developments in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Dubai. Therefore, we believe that Hong Kong has a great opportunity to develop Web3.0. The company’s core team can be only two or three people in Hong Kong, while other teams can be anywhere around the globe. Different teams can have different skill distributions and operational divisions depending on their business needs.
澎湃科技：从“大潮起香江”到之前的Web3.0大会，你参与和推动了扩大香港Web3.0影响的活动，能讲讲这些活动背后的故事吗？
: From the Great Wave to the Pre-Web 3.0 Congress, do you take part in and contribute to the expansion of the Web 3.0 impact in Hong Kong to tell the story behind these events?
孔剑平：在香港发展Web3.0的过程中，我们只是顺应了这个趋势，并在第一时间提出了我们愿意支持香港的观点。我们也在出台政策的当天组织了一场全面的解读活动。我和吴杰庄议员、肖风总（万向区块链董事长）等各界人士一同参与，一起为大家解读这个政策。那次全球直播活动，据他们的统计，大约有30-50万人收听。这是一个有效的传播机会。
In developing Web3.0 in Hong Kong, we have only responded to this trend and put forward our views in support of Hong Kong for the first time. We have also organized a comprehensive reading exercise on the day that the policy was introduced. I am working with a wide range of people, such as Senator Oh Jie Jing, General Shao.
随着时间的推移，人们越来越多地接触到香港，他们发现香港的确有所不同。政府积极推动高才政策，未来可能还会有投资移民政策等各种便利措施。此外，数码港有一个5000万（港币）的专项拨款用于支持Web3.0发展。每年数码港会继续支持这些孵化项目。我们刚刚在数码港评审了一批项目，大约有十几个Web3.0的项目能够拿到孵化计划50万的资金。
Over time, people are increasingly coming to Hong Kong, and they find that Hong Kong is different. The government is actively promoting high-quality policies, and there may be a variety of facilities such as investment in immigration in the future. In addition, Digital Harbour has a $50 million allocation to support Web3.0 development. Digital Harbour will continue to support these incubation projects every year.
澎湃科技：能再介绍一下香港推出的优惠政策吗？
: Could you describe Hong Kong's preferential policies?
孔剑平：首先，我认为香港政府的欢迎态度是最大的优惠政策，因为只有有了港府的态度，大家才会认为值得在这里创业。这是最重要的一点，其他都是小事。
First of all, I think the Hong Kong government's welcoming attitude is the biggest preferential policy, because it is only with the Hong Kong government's attitude that people find it worthwhile to start a business here. That's the most important thing, all the others are small.
其次，从政策角度来看，如数码港的具体孵化计划和扶持计划等，有大约10-110万港币的政策配套，但需要申请。随着时间的推移，越来越多的资金也流入了香港。
Second, from a policy point of view, specific incubation and support schemes for digital ports are accompanied by policies of about HK$ 10.1 million, but require applications. Over time, more and more funds are flowing to Hong Kong.
香港本土的资本也开始积极活动了，这为创业者提供了更多机会。由于大家都选择香港作为基地，香港成为了信息交流的中心和总部基地，特别是成为了Web3.0华人的总部基地。因此，这里的信息交流和交汇频次非常高，这将催生更多的机会和更好的网络效应。
Since Hong Kong has been chosen as a base, Hong Kong has become a centre and headquarters base for information exchange, especially for the Web 3.0 Chinese. As a result, the frequency of information exchange and convergence is very high, which will generate more opportunities and better network effects.
澎湃科技：对前景怎么看？
: what do you think of the future?
孔剑平：我们注意到，这个赛道经历了几次中心的更迭。最早起源时不在中国，但随着行业以比特币挖矿为主，由于中国在硬件供应链和电力基础设施上具有优势，中国逐渐成为全球区块链的中心。在那个时期，中国产出的比特币占全球的70%-90%。
At that time, China produced 70-90% of the world's population.
之后在以太坊的阶段，这个生态系统逐渐由海外的创业者和美国资本主导。至于金融核心，它关注的是安全性、流动性和信任。
Then, in the Etherm phase, the ecosystem was gradually dominated by overseas entrepreneurs and American capital. As for the financial core, it was concerned with safety, liquidity and trust.
安全性的保障有两种。首先，运行时间长且代码优良的项目自然更安全。其次，如果一个项目融资足够多，比如1亿美元，那么即便失去1000万美元，它仍然是安全的，因为它有足够的资金来弥补损失。同时，在那个时期，海外创业者相较于华人创业者的项目估值会高出五到十倍，这意味着他们的安全性也有机会相对更强。
There are two types of security. First, projects with long running hours and good codes are naturally safer. Second, if a project is sufficiently financed, such as $100 million, it is safe to lose $10 million, because it has sufficient funds to cover the losses.
再次，由于整个金融话语权本来就掌握在一部分群体手中，这些群体的服务和流动性必然围绕他们而展开，所以流动性也会更好。对于华人来说，这可能并不是最大的优势。然而，当进入到应用和技术层面，我们会发现，华人的效率，从任何国家和地区的综合性价比来看，都是五到十倍。
Once again, since the entire financial discourse is in the hands of some groups, the services and mobility of these groups are bound to revolve around them, so mobility is also better. This may not be the greatest advantage for Chinese. But, when it comes to application and technology, we find that Chinese efficiency is five to ten times higher in terms of aggregate prices in any country or region.
因此，当安全性不再是核心问题，当我们进入应用层面，考虑的是效率、成本、迭代速度、用户服务和体验时，华人的项目就有了更大的机会。
Thus, Chinese projects have greater opportunities when security is no longer at the core and when we enter the application level, taking into account efficiency, cost, iterative speed, user services and experience.
（作者Curiousjoe，一位国际政治和加密货币的跨界研究员。）
(author Curiousjoe, a transborder researcher on international politics and encryption currency).
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