这几天，一条关于比特币的新闻又登上了国内各大科技板。
In the past few days, a story about bitcoin has been on the country's major technology boards.
阿根廷人民为了让货币保值，开始将目光投向虚拟货币，也就是比特币。
In order to preserve the value of the currency, the Argentine people began to look at virtual currency, that is, bitcoin.
继德国成为首个承认比特币合法货币地位的国家后，阿根廷又因为其高企的通货膨胀率，导致国内大量购买比特币保值，而这一举动，也折射出这个由天才少年中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）08年发明的网络虚拟货币，在经历了广泛的质疑和博弈后，正从幕后走到台前，并一步步为互联网时代的人们接纳和认可。
After Germany became the first country to recognize the legal monetary status of Bitcoin, Argentina, because of its high inflation rate, was able to purchase large amounts of bitcoin in the country, a move that reflected the virtual currency of the Internet, invented in 08 by Satoshi Nakamoto, a gifted teenager, who, after extensive questioning and games, was moving from behind the scenes to the stage and was accepted and endorsed by the people of the Internet age.
这项引流计划的幕后操作者正是一家阿根廷比特币交易公司Cryptocambios，后者帮助BitPagos，一家拉美在线支付平台，为商户处理信用卡和比特币交易。最近每周的总业务量达到1万美元 —— 其中大部分还是信用卡业务。外国游客无需将比特币兑换成阿根廷比索，就能直接享受便捷的金融服务。——虽然目前很多国家对于比特币褒贬不一，态度也不尽相同。
It is Cryptocambios, an Argentine company trading in bitcoin, who helped Bitpagos, an online payment platform in Latin America, to process credit card and bitcoin transactions for merchants. The total business recently reached $10,000 a week – most of it a credit card business.
何为比特币？按照权威的解释，比特币（BitCoin)是一种P2P形式的虚拟货币。比特币不依靠特定货币机构发行，它通过特定算法的大量计算产生。P2P的去中心化特性与算法本身可以确保无法通过大量制造比特币来人为操控币值。基于密码学的设计可以使比特币只能被真实的拥有者转移或支付。这同样确保了货币所有权与流通交易的匿名性。
What is a bitcoin? By authoritative interpretation, Bitcoin is a virtual currency in the form of a P2P. Bitcoin is not issued by a specific monetary institution, and it is generated by a large number of calculations based on a particular algorithm. The decentralized properties and algorithms of P2P can themselves ensure that the value of the currency cannot be artificially controlled by mass-manufacturing bitcoin.
比特币与其他虚拟货币（例如Q币）最大的不同，是其总数量是非常有限的，具有极强的稀缺性。该货币系统在前4年内只有不超过1050万个，之后的总数量将被永久限制在2100万个之内。还有一点是，你可以用电脑生产比特币。而这也催生了全球范围的淘金热。
The biggest difference between Bitcoin and other virtual currencies (e.g., Q coins) is that its total number is very limited and extremely scarce. In the first four years, the monetary system will have no more than 10.5 million, and the total will be permanently limited to 21 million.
在中国，比特币的热潮是其高投资回报率开始的，在很长的一段时间内，比特币一直是极客和科技爱好者的小众玩具，其货币价值也微乎其微：“2010年，比特币的价值还不到14美分；此后用了一年的时间，跌跌撞撞地涨到了86美分；而真正将比特币拉向公众视野的，则是因为《福布斯》的一篇报道，此后，这种虚拟的网络货币大受追捧，在公众的狂热的投机商的伺诱下，一路飙升至30美元大关，直至今日，价格依然高居不下。
In China, the boom in Bitcoin began with its high rate of return on investment. For a long time, Bitcoin had been a miniature toy for guests and technocrats, with minimal monetary value: “In 2010, the value of Bitcoin was less than 14 cents; it took a year to reach 86 cents; and the real reason for putting bitcoin in the public eye was a report from Forbes, and since then, this virtual cyber currency has been well received, lured by the public's fanatical speculators, and has soared up to $30. Prices remain high until today.
矿工的淘金梦
在中文世界的比特币网站上，赫然登着众多出售或租赁挖矿机主板，配件，芯片等信息的广告。矿工们借助这些高端设备，能以较快速度来获取比特币从而牟利。这同样也滋生了一条隐秘的产业链。
On the Chinese World's Bitcoin website, Huen has a lot of adverts about selling or leasing mining machines, accessories, chips, etc. Miners use these high-end devices to get bitcoin more quickly to make a profit. This also breeds a hidden industrial chain.
所谓挖矿，也就是生产比特币的方法，简单的说，就是利用手中的配置强大的电脑，去运算比特币网络中的算术题，成功解答出来就能获得这一区域（block）的全部比特币，依靠计算机解算题目来获得货币的方式被形象地称为挖矿，而比特币的“极客”们自然被称为“矿工，”他们手中的“锄头”就是手里的电脑。
The so-called mining, that is, the method of producing bitcoin, is simply to use the powerful computers in their hands to calculate the arithmetic questions in the Bitcoin network, to successfully solve all bitcoins in the area (block), to be portrayed as mining in a way that relies on computer algorithms to obtain money, while bitcoin's “pooners” are naturally called “miners”, whose “heads” are the computers in their hands.
在早期创世纪的时代，大量的区块处于未拓荒状态，而在比特币大热后，大量的矿工蜂拥而至，争夺所剩不多的比特币，而生产比特币又有着递减的特性。使得竞争更加白热化。普通的电脑生产比特币可能需要耗费一年到两年的时间——而且期间还得承受高昂的电费和时间成本。这使得制造专门用于挖矿的挖矿机，也就是拥有超强计算能力的电脑受到青睐。一时间淘金者纷纷购买，希望能在这股互联网浪潮中分得一杯羹。而喧嚣过后饱了供应商，苦了挖矿者，甚至出现拖欠，克扣购机费用的事情，那都是后话了。
In the early age of the century, a large number of blocks were in a state of unexploitation, and after Bitcoin was so hot, a large number of miners came to compete for the few bitcoins left, while the production of bitcoins was regressive. Competition became more heated. Ordinary computer production of bitcoins could take between one and two years – and it could take a long time – to incur high electricity and time costs.
一个无政府主义者的意外死亡
达里奥·福在戏剧《一个无政府主义者的意外死亡》中曾借助“疯子”之口说出“情况太复杂了，现实太残酷了！理想都破灭了，我也不想活了。”的台词。而这句话，同样可以作为比特币从诞生到现在的现实境遇的一个脚注。
The accidental death of an anarchist
Dario Foe, in the play "The Unintentional Death of an Anarchist", said, “The situation is too complicated, the reality is too cruel! The ideals are broken, and I don't want to live.” The line, too, could be a footnote to Bitcoin’s reality from birth to present.
你能否想象这样的一个情景，在未来的某一天，你可以用虚拟货币来购买任何商品，这种货币不受任何金融机构控制，全球通用，总量固定，且发行速度稳定。不用担心通货膨胀，并且交易足够安全可靠，你甚至可以亲自来生产这种货币。是不是足够酷炫？
Can you imagine a scenario in which, one day in the future, you can buy any commodity with a virtual currency that is not controlled by any financial institution, is global, is global, is stable, and is distributed at a steady rate? Don't worry about inflation, and the deal is safe enough, and you can even make it yourself. Isn't that cool enough?
但是货币发行权一直是主权国家极为看重的，互联网的去中心化思想既不利于金融机构进行监管，也变相增加了防范的难度和成本。而对此心有芥蒂的政府防范电子货币与的办法也就是厘清虚拟和现实的边界——举个很简单的例子，你可以用人民币购买Q币，但是不允许Q币兑换人民币。虽然后者在互联网同样隐秘的存在，但是一旦法律大开绿灯，大规模的兑换的后果就是类似腾讯这样的公司会变成印钞机公司：只需要不停地发行Q币就行了，但是由此造成的后果，则是难以想象的灾难。
But the power to issue money has always been of paramount importance to sovereign countries, and the idea of decentralizing the Internet is not conducive to the regulation of financial institutions, but also increases the difficulty and costs of prevention. And the government’s policy to protect against electronic money is to clarify the boundaries between virtual and real – a simple example, where you can buy Q-dollars, but not to exchange them for yuan.
另一个方面，从实体货币跳跃到虚拟货币，这在人类漫长的文明史中仍是一个突兀的转变，从贝壳，到金银，再到纸币，倘若我们从历史的渊薮中窥见一二，一种货币的推行必然伴随着巨大的阻力，也不可避免的伴随失败的命运，市场的接纳总有一个循序渐进的过程，倘若强行推销，比如历史上有过这样的事情：战事中军饷紧张，将军就拿纸画符让士兵去老百姓家换粮食——在现在看来，这种行为当然与匪盗无异。倘若运作不当，虚拟货币也会面临如此风险，画饼充饥的勾当，干多了，总是要还的。
On the other hand, leaping from real currency to virtual currency, which is still a sudden shift in the long history of civilization, from shell shells to gold and silver to banknotes, if we see one or two from the abyss of history, the introduction of a currency is bound to be accompanied by great resistance and inevitable fates of failure, there is always a gradual process of market acceptance, and if forced marketing, such as in the history of military tension, the general uses paper to send his soldiers to their homes for food — an act that is now, of course, no different from banditry.
所以，各国政府从一开始就对电子货币持有敌意，尽管他身披互联网的紫金外罩，拥有极客气质和互联网精神，并且设计精巧，杜绝了各种bug，但是要真的让他成为等价交换物，可能还需要很长的路走，一个很现实的事实就是，经过比特币如此流行和风靡，但是所能购买的商品和服务，仍然极为有限，支持比特币付款的店铺，依然寥寥可数，在电商平台ebay，亚马逊上，依然无法用比特币购买。
Thus, Governments have been hostile to electronic money from the outset, and despite the fact that he is wearing a purple gold mask on the Internet, has an extremely benign and Internet spirit, and has been designed so well as to eliminate all kinds of bugs, there may be a long way to go before he can really become an equivalent, and it is a fact that the goods and services that can be purchased are still extremely limited, and the shops that support the payment of bitcoin are still few, and on the electric platform ebay, Amazon, cannot be purchased in bitcoin.
不过需要正名的是，比特币依然是目前最流行的网络货币，有人肯定会说Q币，但比特币和Q币有天壤之别：首先，Q币可以无限发售，而比特币数量有限，其次，腾讯公司可以任意更改Q币规则，但是比特币的规则无法改变。最后，假如腾讯公司服务器被攻陷，也许你Q币就一文不值，但是比特币理论上是不存在这种风险，黑客无法同时攻陷所有的网络节点。
What needs to be known, however, is that bitcoin is still the most popular Internet currency in the world, and some will say it is Q, but there is a great difference between bitcoin and Qbi: first, it can be sold indefinitely, while bitcoin is limited, and second, tether companies can change the rules at will, but bitcoin’s rules cannot be changed. Finally, if the tether server is down, perhaps you will be worthless, but bitcoin is theoretically not such a risk that hackers will not be able to attack all network nodes at the same time.
有这么多的优势，但是要承认比特币的合法的货币地位，依然路漫漫其修远兮。比特币数量恒定的特点，既避免了通货膨胀的危险，但是也因其通缩属性不被人看好。
There are so many advantages, but recognizing the legitimate monetary position of Bitcoins is still a long way off. The constant nature of bitcoins avoids the risk of inflation, but is not well regarded because of their deflationary properties.
简单的说，因为比特币数量恒定，在比特币被热炒价格攀升时，那些拥有比特币的人会出于增值的目的选择持有而不是交易，那么就会造成一个恶性循环，即比特币价格不断升高，这就是一个典型市场泡沫的形成过程。比特币的价格不会无限攀升，比特币的价值在上升到一定高度时，泡沫破灭，价格暴跌。换句话说，你愿意用股票来代替你的工资么？涨了还好说，万一跌了呢？你能接受你上个月工资一万，下个月就立马变成三千的现实吗？
Simply put, because the number of bitcoin is constant, when bitcoin rises by the hot price of bitcoin, those who own bitcoin choose to hold rather than trade for value-added purposes create a vicious circle in which the price of bitcoin rises, which is a typical market bubble. Bitcoin prices do not rise indefinitely, and the value of bitcoin collapses and falls sharply. In other words, would you like to replace your wages with shares?
阿根廷人为了保值纷纷购买比特币，这个南美国家一下子就成了比特币的天堂，那比特币的下一个天堂在哪儿？
The Argentines bought bitcoin in order to preserve their value, and this South American country suddenly became the paradise of bitcoin, where is the next paradise of bitcoin?
谁都说不好。
No one can say that.
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